{"id":1872,"date":"2018-11-26T08:18:35","date_gmt":"2018-11-26T07:18:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?page_id=1872"},"modified":"2021-10-26T16:01:52","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T14:01:52","slug":"geneticke-vysetreni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/geneticke-vysetreni\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Genetick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/div>

Genetick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/h3><\/div><\/header>
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Pokrok v\u00a0anal\u00fdze lidsk\u00e9ho genomu umo\u017e\u0148uje preventivn\u00ed stanoven\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho rizika vzniku r\u016fzn\u00fdch metabolick\u00fdch, onkologick\u00fdch, neurologick\u00fdch, endokrinologick\u00fdch \u010di imunologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. V budoucnosti bude z\u00e1kladn\u00ed nebo c\u00edlen\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza<\/a> sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed dokumentace. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, podobn\u011b jako jin\u00e1 osobn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed data, jsou a budou chr\u00e1n\u011bna z\u00e1konem, tak, aby nedo\u0161lo k jejich zneu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci genetick\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed lze podstoupit r\u016fzn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy. P\u0159ednostn\u011b se v\u011bnujeme imunologii<\/a> (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 imunita, alergie, intolerance, autoimunita, transplanta\u010dn\u00ed imunologie, onkologie) a degenerativn\u00edm nemocem<\/a> (pohybov\u00fd apar\u00e1t, neurologie). Genetick\u00fdm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm lze v\u00fdznamn\u011b up\u0159esnit diagn\u00f3zu, p\u0159edv\u00eddat zdravotn\u00ed komplikace a nastavit preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00fdznamnou l\u00e9\u010debnou roli budou hr\u00e1t v t\u011bchto oborech kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky<\/a>, pro jejich nezpochybniteln\u00fd regenerativn\u00ed a imunomodula\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Velmi zaj\u00edmavou oblast\u00ed je genetika a sport<\/a>. Genetick\u00fdm screeningem lze p\u0159edej\u00edt zdravotn\u00edm komplikac\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s nadm\u011brnou tr\u00e9ninkovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Odleh\u010den\u00fdm t\u00e9matem je \u010dlov\u011bk a evoluce. Anal\u00fdzou mu\u017esk\u00e9ho chromozomu Y<\/a> a mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA<\/a> jsme schopni stanovit evolu\u010dn\u00ed stopu Va\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f po mu\u017esk\u00e9 (chromozom Y) nebo \u017eensk\u00e9 linii (mitochondrie). I pro odborn\u00edky je to velmi p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. V r\u00e1mci selek\u010dn\u00edch tlak\u016f, se historicky musely jednotliv\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 linie adaptovat na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 klima, dostupnost potravy a p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 infekce. Stanoven\u00edm v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 linie se tak dozv\u00edte v\u00edce o Va\u0161em imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu i potravinov\u00e9\/stravovac\u00ed konstituci. T\u00edmto t\u00e9matem se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me v samostatn\u00e9m projektu „Nutri\u010dn\u00ed poradenstv\u00ed<\/a>„.<\/p>\n

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Celiakie<\/div><\/header>
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Celiakie neboli intolerance lepku je chronick\u00e9 autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed sliznice tenk\u00e9ho st\u0159eva vyvolan\u00e9 lepkem ve st\u0159ev\u011b. Zdrojem lepku je obil\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p\u0161enice. Celiakie postihuje pacienty bez ohledu na v\u011bk (\u010dast\u011bji v\u0161ak \u017eeny) a p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 celo\u017eivotn\u011b. P\u0159i vzniku celiakie se uplat\u0148uje patologick\u00e1 vazba lepku […]<\/p>\n

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Lakt\u00f3zov\u00e1 intolerance<\/div><\/header>
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Lakt\u00f3zov\u00e1 intolerance (nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost lakt\u00f3zy) je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 nebo \u00fapln\u00e1 neschopnost organismu zpracov\u00e1vat lakt\u00f3zu (ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd cukr), kter\u00e1 se p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje v ml\u00e9ce a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch.\u00a0Jedn\u00e1 se o enzymatickou poruchu a vznik\u00e1 nedostate\u010dnou produkc\u00ed tzv. lakt\u00e1zy […]<\/p>\n

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Histaminov\u00e1 intolerance<\/div><\/header>
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Histamin je biogenn\u00ed amin, kter\u00fd se p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje v\u00a0mnoha druz\u00edch potravin. U\u00a0zdrav\u00fdch lid\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt histamin z\u00a0potravy rychle rozlo\u017een odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi enzymy.\u00a0N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9, ale maj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eenou tvorbu nebo \u00fa\u010dinnost t\u011bchto enzym\u016f. U takto posti\u017een\u00fdch lid\u00ed se pak m\u016f\u017ee zvy\u0161ovat […]<\/p>\n

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Celogenomov\u00fd screening<\/div><\/header>
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Prediktivn\u00ed genetickou anal\u00fdzu je mo\u017en\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat jako rozbor mo\u017en\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch predispozic pro cel\u00fd soubor vybran\u00fdch nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch chorob a nestandardn\u00edch odli\u0161nost\u00ed metabolismu u konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e dojde k prvn\u00edm projev\u016fm.<\/p>\n

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Trombofilie<\/div><\/header>
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Sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed krve je fyziologick\u00e1 obrana t\u011bla p\u0159i \u00faniku krve v m\u00edst\u011b poran\u011bn\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zabezpe\u010duje zamezen\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zacelen\u00ed r\u00e1ny. Tromboembolick\u00e1 nemoc (TEN) je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed charakterizovan\u00e9 vznikem krevn\u00edch sra\u017eenin a jejich vmeten\u00edm do c\u00e9v na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b t\u011bla. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je plicn\u00ed embolie.<\/p>\n

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Becht\u011brevova choroba<\/div><\/header>
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Becht\u011brevova nemoc (ankylozuj\u00edc\u00ed spondylitida) je chronick\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se bolestmi a ztuhlost\u00ed zad a kloub\u016f. V\u00fdskyt v evropsk\u00e9 populaci je pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00fd a pohybuje se kolem 2\u20138 %. Klinick\u00e9 projevy p\u0159i propuknut\u00ed t\u00e9to nemoci jsou obdobn\u00e9 jako u ch\u0159ipky […].<\/p>\n

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Alzheimerova choroba<\/div><\/header>
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Alzheimerova choroba je neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vede ke sta\u0159eck\u00e9 demenci. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina vzniku AD nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma. U posti\u017een\u00fdch se v mozku tvo\u0159\u00ed a hromad\u00ed patologick\u00e9 proteiny (beta-amyloid a tau-protein), a to ve form\u011b vl\u00e1ken \u010di plak\u016f.\u00a0Tyto zm\u011bny zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed rozpad okoln\u00edch […]<\/p>\n

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Svalov\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnost<\/div><\/header>
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Sportovn\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech, z nich\u017e \u010d\u00e1st m\u00e1 genetick\u00fd p\u016fvod. Geny se pod\u00edl\u00ed z 20\u201380 % na individu\u00e1ln\u00edch rozd\u00edlech, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve vyu\u017eit\u00ed kysl\u00edku, srde\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti nebo ve slo\u017een\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken.\u00a0Kostern\u00ed sval je tvo\u0159en dlouh\u00fdmi svalov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 svalov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno obsahuje myofibrily […]<\/p>\n

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Paradent\u00f3za<\/div><\/header>
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Nemoci parodontu (d\u00e1sn\u011b) jsou spojeny s patologickou bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3rou, kter\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011btlivou reakci m\u011bkk\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed kolem zubu, tzv. peridontu. N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 patologick\u00e1 odezva imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu vede v kombinaci s geneticky predisponovanou abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odezvou ke vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (\u0159\u00eddnut\u00ed) […]<\/p>\n

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CCR5 – rezistence v\u016f\u010di viru HIV<\/div><\/header>
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CCR5 je bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd chemokinov\u00fd receptor a je podobn\u011b jako jin\u00e9 receptory vstupn\u00ed branou pro infekce do bu\u0148ky, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pro virus lidsk\u00e9 imunodeficience (HIV). Mutace v genu pro CCR5 (tzv. CCR5 \u039432) vede k poru\u0161e exprese CCR5 na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m povrchu […]<\/p>\n

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Chromozom Y<\/div><\/header>
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Y-chromozom je \u010d\u00e1st jadern\u00e9 DNA, kter\u00e1 se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 pouze u mu\u017e\u016f a d\u011bd\u00ed se v\u00fdhradn\u011b po patern\u00e1ln\u00ed linii (z otce na syna). Tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159enosu d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nep\u0159eru\u0161itelnou spojnici mezi generacemi a p\u0159edstavuje tak n\u00e1stroj k rekonstrukci rodinn\u00e9 historie, identifikaci osob \u010di ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed otcovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA<\/div><\/header>
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T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 bu\u0148ka obsahuje j\u00e1dro a organely. Relativn\u011b mal\u00e1, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 skupina gen\u016f se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mimo jadernou DNA \u2013 v mitochondri\u00edch. Mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 u mu\u017e\u016f i \u017een, ale d\u011bd\u00ed se v\u00fdhradn\u011b po matern\u00e1ln\u00ed linii, z matky na jej\u00ed potomky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vaj\u00ed\u010dka.<\/p>\n

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<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":null,"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1872"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1872"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4115,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1872\/revisions\/4115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}