{"id":2028,"date":"2018-11-28T14:56:26","date_gmt":"2018-11-28T13:56:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=2028"},"modified":"2024-02-05T10:18:48","modified_gmt":"2024-02-05T09:18:48","slug":"chromozom_y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/chromozom_y\/","title":{"rendered":"Chromozom Y"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Y-chromozom je \u010d\u00e1st jadern\u00e9 DNA, kter\u00e1 se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 pouze u mu\u017e\u016f a d\u011bd\u00ed se v\u00fdhradn\u011b po patern\u00e1ln\u00ed linii (z otce na syna). Tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159enosu d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nep\u0159eru\u0161itelnou spojnici mezi generacemi a p\u0159edstavuje tak n\u00e1stroj k rekonstrukci rodinn\u00e9 historie, identifikaci osob \u010di ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed otcovstv\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt; text-align: left;\">Y-chromozom je nejmen\u0161\u00edm ze v\u0161ech chromozom\u016f. Obsahuje v\u0161ak nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nerekombinuj\u00edc\u00ed blok nukleotid\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m genomu, a proto je vhodn\u00fdm \u201ez\u00e1znamov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm\u201c genetick\u00fdch zm\u011bn. Geny Y-chromozomu souvis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s mu\u017eskou plodnost\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi sexu\u00e1ln\u00edmi znaky a funkcemi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt; text-align: left;\">Mezi znaky chromozomu Y, kter\u00e9 jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji zkoum\u00e1ny genealogick\u00fdmi a forenzn\u00edmi DNA laborato\u0159emi, pat\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 tandemov\u00e9 repetice (STR) a jednonukleotidov\u00e9 polymorfismy (SNP).<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt; text-align: left;\">Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto znak\u016f definujeme Y haploskupinu neboli skupinu Y chromozom\u016f p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch po rodov\u00e9 linii. Konsorcium YCC (z angl. Y-Chromosome Consortium) zavedlo syst\u00e9m ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed haploskupin Y-DNA p\u00edsmeny v rozsahu A a\u017e T s dal\u0161\u00edm d\u011blen\u00edm do podskupin pomoc\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel a mal\u00fdch p\u00edsmen abecedy (nap\u0159. R1a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt; text-align: left;\">Genetick\u00e9 studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f zachovala pouze jedna hlavn\u00ed varianta Y chromozomu. Genetick\u00fd \u201epraotec Adam\u201c, odborn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1n Y-MRCA (nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159edek), \u017eil p\u0159ed 60\u201390 tis\u00edci lety v Africe. V\u0161ichni mu\u017ei v sob\u011b maj\u00ed kousek jeho DNA. Chromozom Y u dne\u0161n\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f se v\u0161ak od p\u016fvodn\u00edho \u201eAdamovsk\u00e9ho\u201c li\u0161\u00ed o v\u0161echny d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny (mutace), kter\u00e9 na chromozomu Y v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u011bk\u016f vznikly.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti naleznete na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgen.cz\">www.qgen.cz<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Term\u00edn l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eete rezervovat <a href=\"http:\/\/extranet.mc-praha.cz\/\">zde.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Laboratorn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eete objednat<a href=\"https:\/\/extranet.mc-praha.cz\/#\/laboratory\"> zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Y-chromozom je \u010d\u00e1st jadern\u00e9 DNA, kter\u00e1 se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 pouze u mu\u017e\u016f a d\u011bd\u00ed se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp; Y-chromozom je \u010d\u00e1st jadern\u00e9 DNA, kter\u00e1 se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 pouze u mu\u017e\u016f a d\u011bd\u00ed se [&hellip;]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2028"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2028"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2028\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4549,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2028\/revisions\/4549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2028"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2028"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}