{"id":2030,"date":"2018-11-28T14:57:10","date_gmt":"2018-11-28T13:57:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=2030"},"modified":"2024-02-05T11:58:01","modified_gmt":"2024-02-05T10:58:01","slug":"mitochondrialni_dna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/mitochondrialni_dna\/","title":{"rendered":"Mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;\"><strong>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 bu\u0148ka obsahuje j\u00e1dro a organely. Relativn\u011b mal\u00e1, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 skupina gen\u016f se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mimo jadernou DNA \u2013 v mitochondri\u00edch. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;\">Mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA se nal\u00e9z\u00e1 u mu\u017e\u016f i \u017een, ale d\u011bd\u00ed se v\u00fdhradn\u011b po matern\u00e1ln\u00ed linii, z matky na jej\u00ed potomky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159enosu d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1stroj ke studiu geografick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu p\u0159edk\u016f a rodinn\u00fdch vazeb. Mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed Eva je ozna\u010den\u00ed pro \u017eenu, kter\u00e1 je v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 linii spole\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159edkem v\u0161ech dnes \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed. \u017dila zhruba p\u0159ed 140 000 lety v m\u00edstech dne\u0161n\u00ed Etiopie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;\">Nek\u00f3duj\u00edc\u00ed oblast mtDNA, tzv. D-smy\u010dka, v n\u00ed\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke kumulaci mutac\u00ed, nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd biologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam, je v\u0161ak velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro identifika\u010dn\u00ed a genealogick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u016fvodem, evoluc\u00ed a migrac\u00ed lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;\">Mutace neboli zm\u011bny mtDNA maj\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji charakter jednonukleotidov\u00fdch polymorfizm\u016f (SNP), kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b jednoho nukleotidu za jin\u00fd (nap\u0159. guanin za thymin).<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;\">Mutace mtDNA jsou spojeny s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi chorobami p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdmi po matern\u00e1ln\u00ed linii.<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;\">Detekovan\u00e9 mutace se srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed s referen\u010dn\u00ed sekvenc\u00ed mtDNA (CRS \u2013 Cambridge Reference Sequence) a na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto odchylek jsou vytvo\u0159eny skupiny shodn\u00fdch \u010di p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch motiv\u016f, kter\u00e9 se ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako haploskupiny mtDNA (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z a podskupiny).<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; vertical-align: baseline; margin: 0cm 0cm 7.5pt 0cm;\">Takto vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 haploskupiny mtDNA maj\u00ed krom\u011b spole\u010dn\u00e9ho profilu mutac\u00ed i spole\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 lze orienta\u010dn\u011b datovat v \u010dase i prostoru, a t\u00edm nab\u00edz\u00ed poodhalen\u00ed historie a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b i zdrav\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e9 linie (nap\u0159. nositel\u00e9 J haploskupiny maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt cukrovky, Alzheimerovy choroby a do\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti naleznete na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgen.cz\">www.qgen.cz<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Term\u00edn l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eete rezervovat <a href=\"http:\/\/extranet.mc-praha.cz\/\">zde.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Laboratorn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eete objednat<a href=\"https:\/\/extranet.mc-praha.cz\/#\/laboratory\"> zde<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 bu\u0148ka obsahuje j\u00e1dro a organely. Relativn\u011b mal\u00e1, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 skupina gen\u016f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&nbsp; T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 bu\u0148ka obsahuje j\u00e1dro a organely. Relativn\u011b mal\u00e1, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 skupina gen\u016f [&hellip;]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2030"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2030"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4550,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2030\/revisions\/4550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}