{"id":2259,"date":"2018-12-06T14:34:58","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T13:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=2259"},"modified":"2018-12-06T14:35:56","modified_gmt":"2018-12-06T13:35:56","slug":"mikrobiota-a-deprese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/mikrobiota-a-deprese\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikrobiota a deprese"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Klinick\u00e1 deprese je deprese trvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu dne po dobu alespo\u0148 dvou t\u00fddn\u016f. Tato porucha je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e1, trp\u00ed j\u00ed odhadem 350 milion\u016f lid\u00ed a n\u011bkdy v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota j\u00ed trp\u011bl jeden \u010dlov\u011bk z\u00a0p\u011bti. 85 % posti\u017een\u00fdm se\u00a0deprese b\u011bhem deseti let vr\u00e1t\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina pacient\u016f m\u00e1 sebevra\u017eedn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011btina i\u00a0sebevra\u017edu sp\u00e1ch\u00e1. Dnes u\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee deprese nen\u00ed \u010dist\u011b psychick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, ale souvis\u00ed i s\u00a0fyziologick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami v\u00a0mozku ale i\u00a0s\u00a0celkov\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm stavem.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny p\u0159\u00edmo na l\u00e9\u010dbu mozku, nejsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny pacienty. Studie cel\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch genom\u016f zjistili v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b deprese 37 a\u017e 48% d\u011bdi\u010dnost. D\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 faktory, ale nemohou vysv\u011btlit zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu lid\u00ed trp\u00edc\u00edch depresemi v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch. Na rozvinut\u00ed vrozen\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch predispozic se mus\u00ed pod\u00edlet i\u00a0faktory prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako stres nebo zm\u011bna stravy.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 recentn\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee deprese je spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0na\u0161imi st\u0159evy. U savc\u016f maj\u00ed st\u0159eva \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nez\u00e1vislou nervovou soustavu. N\u011bkdy se mluv\u00ed o\u00a0mozku st\u0159ev. D\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto mozku nejsou ale jen lidsk\u00e9 nervy, ale i st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ra, kter\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby interaguje se sv\u00fdm hostitelem. Nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m st\u0159eva a st\u0159eva ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed mikroorganismy dohromady tvo\u0159\u00ed jeden funk\u010dn\u00ed celek. Tento syst\u00e9m komunikuje s\u00a0mozkem po takzvan\u00e9 ose st\u0159eva-mozek, n\u011bkdy je t\u00e9\u017e naz\u00fdv\u00e1na osa mikrobita-st\u0159eva-mozek. Tato komunikace prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy, hormon\u016f a imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Nejdynami\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu jsou spole\u010denstva mikroorganism\u016f. Proto se testuje, zda m\u016f\u017ee regulace mikrobioty pomoci s\u00a0l\u00e9\u010dbou deprese.<\/p>\n<p>Spojen\u00ed mikrobioty a deprese bylo dok\u00e1z\u00e1no v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b studi\u00ed. Lid\u0161t\u00ed pacienti trp\u00edc\u00ed depres\u00ed i\u00a0depresivn\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata maj\u00ed obecn\u011b chud\u0161\u00ed mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010denstva ne\u017e jejich zdrav\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky. Transplantace mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch komunit od depresivn\u00edch pacient\u016f vede k\u00a0rozvoji deprese u laboratorn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Dal\u0161\u00ed studie prok\u00e1zaly zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko depres\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch ment\u00e1ln\u00edch poruch u pacient\u016f, jejich\u017e mikrobiota byla naru\u0161ena antibiotiky, chronick\u00fdm stresem nebo \u0161patnou stravou. Naopak obnova p\u0159irozen\u00e9 mikrobioty pomoc\u00ed probiotik, prebiotik, zdrav\u00e9 stravy nebo transplantace fek\u00e1ln\u00ed hmoty od zdrav\u00e9ho d\u00e1rce vedla ve v\u00edce studi\u00edch ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed depres\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probiotik, \u017eiv\u00fdch mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch kultur s\u00a0l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky, byl nov\u011b navr\u017een term\u00edn psychobiotika. Psychobiotika jsou probiotika zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed psychologick\u00fd stav pacienta, jde hlavn\u011b o\u00a0bakterie produkuj\u00edc\u00ed ml\u00e9\u010dnou kyselinu, n\u011bkter\u00e9 laktobacily a\u00a0bifidobakterie. Nov\u00e9 studie tak\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee i\u00a0efekty tradi\u010dn\u00edch antidepresiv jsou alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1ny p\u0159es st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ru. N\u011bkter\u00e1 antidepresiva nap\u0159\u00edklad inhibuj\u00ed r\u016fst patogenn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed ve st\u0159evech.<\/p>\n<p>Pohled na depresi jako komplexn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla nab\u00edz\u00ed i nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti l\u00e9\u010dby. Negativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky deprese i obranu p\u0159ed rozvojem deprese lze ovlivnit regulac\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed mikrobioty. To je dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, proto\u017ee slo\u017een\u00edm mikrobioty lze p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovlivnit mimo jin\u00e9 i zdravou stravou a cvi\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <strong>Liang S. <\/strong>et al. (2018). Recognizing depression from the microbiota-gut-brain axis. <em>International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/em> 19: 1592, doi:10.3390.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Klinick\u00e1 deprese je deprese trvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu dne po dobu alespo\u0148 dvou t\u00fddn\u016f. Tato porucha je [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Klinick\u00e1 deprese je deprese trvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu dne po dobu alespo\u0148 dvou t\u00fddn\u016f. Tato porucha je [&hellip;]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2259"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2262,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259\/revisions\/2262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}