{"id":2266,"date":"2018-12-06T14:58:16","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T13:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=2266"},"modified":"2018-12-07T13:23:10","modified_gmt":"2018-12-07T12:23:10","slug":"predikce-rakoviny-strev-ze-slin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/predikce-rakoviny-strev-ze-slin\/","title":{"rendered":"Predikce rakoviny st\u0159ev ze slin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se dlouhodob\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159edn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch jak v\u00a0po\u010dtu nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, tak i\u00a0v\u00a0po\u010dtu \u00famrt\u00ed spojovan\u00fdch s\u00a0t\u00edmto typem rakoviny. V\u00fdhodou rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je, \u017ee se d\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b snadno l\u00e9\u010dit, pokud je diagnostikov\u00e1na v\u00a0ran\u00e9m st\u00e1diu. Z\u00a0toho plyne i\u00a0snaha o\u00a0v\u00fdvoj diagnostick\u00fdch metod, kter\u00e9 by umo\u017enili v\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalen\u00ed rakoviny.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech se d\u00edky pokroku v\u00a0molekul\u00e1rn\u011b bilogick\u00fdch technologi\u00edch st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 generace, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat genetickou informaci cel\u00e9ho mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho spole\u010denstva obsa\u017een\u00e9ho v\u00a0jednom biologick\u00e9m vzorku. Tyto technologie otev\u0159ely velk\u00fd nov\u00fd obor v\u011bdy, studuj\u00edc\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010denstev ve spojen\u00ed s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi stavy v\u010detn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f rakoviny. Jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 je nap\u0159\u00edklad spojen\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed mikrobioty a rakoviny \u017ealudku.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00edce v\u011bdeck\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b spojilo zm\u011bny slo\u017een\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010denstev ve stolici se rakovinou tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b slo\u017een\u00ed zm\u011bn struktury st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobioty se tak poda\u0159ilo odli\u0161it pacienty s\u00a0rakovinou tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva v\u00a064 a\u017e 93 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Dosavadn\u00ed studie se ale zam\u011b\u0159ovaly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jen na spole\u010denstva stolice, u kter\u00fdch se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed situaci v\u00a0tlust\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b. Opom\u00edjena tak z\u016fstala spole\u010denstva st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznice. Mikroorganismy \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159isedl\u00e9 na sliznici se do stolice dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed. Jejich studium proto vy\u017eaduje invazivn\u00ed metody. P\u0159i tom ale maj\u00ed ve st\u0159evech z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli. Symbiotick\u00e9 bakterie na sliznici pom\u00e1haj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad podporovat funkci st\u0159evn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fniku patogen\u016f a toxin\u016f ze st\u0159ev do krve. Studie, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaly bakteriemi sliznic, zjistily \u017ee mikrobiota st\u0159evn\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od mikrobioty zdrav\u00e9 stolice. Nav\u00edc se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee biofilmy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed n\u00e1dory jsou tvo\u0159eny bakteriemi, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve ur\u010deny jako patogenn\u00ed druhy \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0na\u0161ich \u00fastech. Tyto p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky vedly ke studii, kter\u00e1 vyhodnocovala sou\u010dasn\u011b vzorky bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010denstev st\u011br\u016f z\u00a0vnit\u0159n\u00edch stran tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, stolice a st\u0159evn\u00edch sliznic u\u00a0skupiny pacient\u016f s\u00a0rakovinou tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a\u00a0srovn\u00e1vala je se stejn\u00fdmi vzorky od zdrav\u00fdch pacient\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f p\u0159i odli\u0161en\u00ed skupiny pacient\u016f s\u00a0rakovinou bylo dosa\u017eeno p\u0159i kombinaci dat o\u00a0slo\u017een\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010denstev ze slin a stolice. Touto metodou bylo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ur\u010deno 96% pacient\u016f rakovinou s\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivost\u00ed ne\u017e u p\u0159edchoz\u00edch metod. Pou\u017eit\u00e9 metody jsou nav\u00edc s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm pokrokem st\u00e1le levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 medic\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <strong>Flemer <\/strong>et al. (2018). The oral microbiota in colorectal cancer is distinctive and predictive<strong>. <\/strong><em>Gut<\/em> 67(8): 1454-1463.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se dlouhodob\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159edn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika se dlouhodob\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159edn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch [&hellip;]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2266"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2266"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2268,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2266\/revisions\/2268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}