{"id":3240,"date":"2019-11-07T10:02:37","date_gmt":"2019-11-07T09:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=3240"},"modified":"2019-12-13T10:19:04","modified_gmt":"2019-12-13T09:19:04","slug":"nove-vyuziti-kmenovych-bunek-u-detskych-pacientu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/nove-vyuziti-kmenovych-bunek-u-detskych-pacientu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk u d\u011btsk\u00fdch pacient\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e9\u010dba kmenov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami m\u00e1 velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.
\nU n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich se\u00a0ji\u017e st\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm dopl\u0148kem standardn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby. Kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky jsou zn\u00e1my svoji schopnost\u00ed diferenciace na r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy bun\u011bk podle pot\u0159eby dan\u00e9ho organismu.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho maj\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky i parakrinn\u00ed funkci, tedy schopnost sekrece sign\u00e1ln\u00edch molekul. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0cytokiny, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 markery autoimunitn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (nap\u0159. revmatoidn\u00ed artritidy), angiogenn\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed tvorbu nov\u00fdch krevn\u00edch c\u00e9v (u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159i kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch), a r\u016fstov\u00e9 faktory.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 byl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n i antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed efekt mezenchym\u00e1ln\u00edch kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt izolov\u00e1ny z\u00a0kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b, perifern\u00ed krve, pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve, placenty, tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, i n\u011bkter\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f (srdce, mozek).<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny dv\u011b studie zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na pou\u017eit\u00ed kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b Pelizaeus \u2013Merzbacherovy choroby (PMD). PMD je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 metabolick\u00e1 porucha, kter\u00e1 je zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edm metabolismem myelinu, tzv. leukodystrofie. Jedn\u00e1 se o recesivn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na pohlavn\u00ed chromozom X. Posti\u017eeni jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji chlapci, jeliko\u017e maj\u00ed jen jeden chromozom X. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je smrteln\u00e9, chlapci se nedo\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 let.<\/p>\n

Dr. Rowitch a Dr. Wering ze Stanfordovy univerzity se pokusili p\u0159eprogramovat ko\u017en\u00ed bu\u0148ky odebran\u00e9 pacient\u016fm s\u00a0PMD na nervov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (oligodendrocyty), aby l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli biologick\u00fdm proces\u016fm onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Oligodendrocyty jsou nervov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky nezbytn\u00e9 pro tvorbu myelinu, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed nervov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159enos sign\u00e1lu. P\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed in vitro<\/em> zjistili, \u017ee oligodendrocyty pacient\u016f s\u00a0PMD jsou zni\u010deny v\u00a0d\u016fsledku toxicity \u017eeleza. Tyto poznatky mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b pomoci p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji mo\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Diskutuje se, \u017ee by mohl b\u00fdt k\u00a0ochran\u011b nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk pou\u017eit ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9k zvan\u00fd Defipron (chel\u00e1tor, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd u pacient\u016f s\u00a0talas\u00e9mi\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Dr. Rowitch a Dr. Gupta z\u00a0Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v\u00a0San Francisku provedli v\u00a0roce 2010 prvn\u00ed implantaci nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk pacient\u016fm s\u00a0PMD. Pilotn\u00ed studie zahrnovala 4 chlapce ve v\u011bku od\u00a06\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f do 5 let. Po transplantaci nebyly zaznamen\u00e1ny v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. Dva pacienti vykazovali imunologick\u00e9 reakce, co\u017e by mohlo zna\u010dit mo\u017enou pot\u0159ebu imunosupresivn\u00ed terapie, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k odm\u00edtnut\u00ed transplant\u00e1tu. Na magnetick\u00e9 rezonanci mozku byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na myelinizace v\u00a0oblasti implantovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Klinick\u00e9 projevy rovn\u011b\u017e prok\u00e1zaly m\u00edrn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u0159e\u010di a\u00a0pohybu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dlouholet\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto pacient\u016f bylo nyn\u00ed potvrzeno, \u017ee l\u00e9\u010dba pacient\u016f s\u00a0PMD indukovan\u00fdmi kmenov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a poskytuje tak nad\u011bji pro dal\u0161\u00ed pacienty s\u00a0t\u00edmto doposud nel\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroje:
\nUniversity of California – San Francisco. (2019, October 3). Stem cell studies offer hope for childhood neurological condition: As both therapy and tool for drug discovery, stem cells present parallel opportunities for treatment. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 23, 2019 from www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/10\/191003141555.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Nobuta, H., Yang, N., Ng, Y. H., Marro, S. G., Sabeur, K., Chavali, M., \u2026 Wernig, M. (2019). Oligodendrocyte Death in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease Is Rescued by Iron Chelation. Cell Stem Cell, 25(4), 531\u2013541.e6. doi:10.1016\/j.stem.2019.09.003<\/p>\n

Gupta, N., Henry, R. G., Kang, S.-M., Strober, J., Lim, D. A., Ryan, T., \u2026 Rowitch, D. H. (2019). Long-Term Safety, Immunologic Response, and Imaging Outcomes following Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease. Stem Cell Reports. doi:10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.07.002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e9\u010dba kmenov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami m\u00e1 velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich se\u00a0ji\u017e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"L\u00e9\u010dba kmenov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami m\u00e1 velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich se\u00a0ji\u017e […]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3240"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3240"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3287,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3240\/revisions\/3287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}