{"id":3254,"date":"2019-11-13T08:49:18","date_gmt":"2019-11-13T07:49:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=3254"},"modified":"2019-11-18T15:33:08","modified_gmt":"2019-11-18T14:33:08","slug":"nova-studie-predpovida-polohu-biblicke-rajske-zahrady","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/nova-studie-predpovida-polohu-biblicke-rajske-zahrady\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 studie p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 polohu biblick\u00e9 Rajsk\u00e9 zahrady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rajsk\u00e1 zahrada v Edenu je v knize Genesis popisov\u00e1na jako m\u00edsto p\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u00farodn\u00e9 planiny, kter\u00e1 je zavla\u017eov\u00e1na \u010dty\u0159mi \u0159ekami. Existence biblick\u00e9ho domova Adama a Evy je velmi o\u017eehav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. P\u0159esto se lid\u00e9 po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed o nalezen\u00ed Edenu &#8211; m\u00edsta p\u016fvodu modern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka (<em>Homo sapiens<\/em>). V\u011bdci se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee je rajsk\u00e1 zahrada na africk\u00e9m kontinentu, ale\u00a0p\u0159esn\u00e1 poloha byla doposud velkou nezn\u00e1mou.<\/p>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek v \u010dasopisu Nature se pokou\u0161\u00ed tuto z\u00e1hadu vy\u0159e\u0161it. Auto\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee nejstar\u0161\u00ed modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z oblasti ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky, kter\u00e1 je dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Makgadikgadi. \u00a0Dr. Eva Chan a jej\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 z\u00edskali vzorky mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA od 198 p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Makgadikgadi. Mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA (mtDNA) k\u00f3duje relativn\u011b malou, ale d\u016fle\u017eitou skupinu gen\u016f, a nach\u00e1z\u00ed se mimo jadernou DNA v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organel\u00e1ch zvan\u00fdch mitochondrie. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm znakem mtDNA je d\u011bdi\u010dnost pouze po mate\u0159sk\u00e9 linii. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto p\u0159edpokladu v\u011bdci usuzuj\u00ed, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 vystopovat tzv. mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed Evu, pramatku v\u0161ech na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f, tedy p\u016fvodn\u00ed mtDNA modern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm Dr. Evy Chan spojil nov\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e9 vzorky s existuj\u00edc\u00ed lini\u00ed mtDNA ozna\u010dovanou jako linie L0, kter\u00e1 se objevila odhadem p\u0159ed 200 000 lety v oblasti ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b nov\u00fdch poznatk\u016f p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed, \u017ee prvn\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e1 linie mtDNA poch\u00e1z\u00ed z oblasti zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti severn\u00ed Botswani, Namibie a Zimbabwe. Dr. Andy Moore, geolog spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed s Dr. Chan, popisuje, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edve byla tato oblast zavla\u017eov\u00e1na mnoha jezery a mok\u0159ady a panovaly zde p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky po dobu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 000 let. V d\u016fsledku pohybu tektonick\u00fdch desek a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu v\u0161ak za\u010dal region vysychat a p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159et se do sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vyprahl\u00e9 podoby.<br \/>\nDr. Timmermann z\u00a0v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu dopl\u0148uje, \u017ee klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny byly tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem po\u010d\u00e1tku migrace obyvatelstva. Ne v\u0161ichni obyvatel\u00e9 se v\u0161ak rozhodli opustit sv\u00e9 domovy a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali, se museli adaptovat na such\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky oblasti.<\/p>\n<p>O p\u016fvodu \u010dlov\u011bka v\u0161ak st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho nezodpov\u011bzen\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek. P\u016fvodn\u00ed mtDNA by v\u0161ak mohla b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm d\u00edlem do t\u00e9to skl\u00e1da\u010dky. N\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed studie dokonce nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli do bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho styku i s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi skupinami, nap\u0159. <em>Homo neanderthalensis<\/em>, co\u017e by znamenalo mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed genetickou diverzitu.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u0159\u00e1d v\u0161ak mus\u00edme m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee mtDNA je jen \u010d\u00e1st celkov\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 v\u00fdbavy \u010dlov\u011bka. Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed informaci by zajist\u00e9 poskytly anal\u00fdzy cel\u00e9ho genomu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jadern\u00e9 DNA, kter\u00e1 se d\u011bd\u00ed od obou rodi\u010d\u016f. M\u016f\u017eeme doufat, \u017ee se poda\u0159\u00ed extrahovat jadernou DNA z fosili\u00ed z dan\u00e9 oblasti, kter\u00e1 by n\u00e1m spole\u010dn\u011b s dal\u0161\u00edmi archeologick\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezy mohla poskytnout bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed informace o na\u0161em p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n<p>V Medic\u00ednsk\u00e9m centru Praha nab\u00edz\u00edme v r\u00e1mci projektu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qgen.cz\/\">QGEN<\/a> anal\u00fdzu Va\u0161\u00ed mtDNA, kter\u00e1 napov\u00ed, odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed Va\u0161i p\u0159edci. Lidskou mtDNA definuj\u00ed haploskupiny specifick\u00e9 pro ur\u010ditou skupinu p\u016fvodn\u00edho obyvatelstva, kterou lze orienta\u010dn\u011b datovat v \u010dasu a prostoru. T\u00edm nab\u00edz\u00edme poodhalen\u00ed historie a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b i zdrav\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e9 linie, nebo\u0165 mutace v mtDNA jsou spojeny s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi chorobami p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdmi po mate\u0159sk\u00e9 linii.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho nab\u00edz\u00edme i vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed Y-chromozomu, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jadern\u00e9 DNA.<br \/>\nY-chromozom maj\u00ed pouze mu\u017ei a proto se d\u011bd\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b po patern\u00e1ln\u00ed linii (z otce na syna). Tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159enosu d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nep\u0159eru\u0161itelnou spojnici mu\u017esk\u00e9 linie mezi generacemi. Pomoc\u00ed DNA anal\u00fdzy m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace o mu\u017esk\u00fdch rodov\u00fdch lini\u00edch sv\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f. V\u00fdsledky genealogick\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed najdou uplatn\u011bn\u00ed i v jin\u00fdch v\u011bdn\u00edch oborech nap\u0159. v historii, archeologii, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologii nebo forenzn\u00ed genetice.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroje:<br \/>\nWei-Haas , M. (2019, October 28). Controversial new study pinpoints where all modern humans arose. Retrieved November 1, 2019, from https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/2019\/10\/controversial-study-pinpoints-birthplace-modern-humans\/.<\/p>\n<p>Garvan Institute of Medical Research. &#8222;The homeland of modern humans.&#8220; ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 28 October 2019. &lt;www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/10\/191028175138.htm&gt;.<\/p>\n<p>Chan, E.K.F., Timmermann, A., Baldi, B.F. et al. Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations. Nature (2019) doi:10.1038\/s41586-019-1714-1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rajsk\u00e1 zahrada v Edenu je v knize Genesis popisov\u00e1na jako m\u00edsto p\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u00farodn\u00e9 planiny, kter\u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Rajsk\u00e1 zahrada v Edenu je v knize Genesis popisov\u00e1na jako m\u00edsto p\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u00farodn\u00e9 planiny, kter\u00e1 [&hellip;]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3254"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3254"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3273,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3254\/revisions\/3273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}