{"id":3276,"date":"2019-11-21T09:21:45","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T08:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=3276"},"modified":"2019-11-21T09:37:24","modified_gmt":"2019-11-21T08:37:24","slug":"genetika-starovekych-rimanu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/genetika-starovekych-rimanu\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetika starov\u011bk\u00fdch \u0158\u00edman\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fatvar starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma, pat\u0159ila mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed imp\u00e9ria v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 antick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky bezpochyby pat\u0159\u00ed architektura, um\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i\u00a0dochovan\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed a pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 p\u00edsemnosti.<\/p>\n

Na genetick\u00fd p\u016fvod star\u00fdch \u0158\u00edman\u016f se spole\u010dn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159ili v\u011bdci ze t\u0159\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fdch univerzit \u00a0(University of Stanford, University of Vienna, Sapienza University of Rome). Jejich c\u00edlem byla nejen anal\u00fdza genetick\u00e9ho k\u00f3du antick\u00e9 populace, ale i jeho v\u00fdvoj
\na prom\u011bny v \u010dase. V\u011bdc\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo shrom\u00e1\u017edit DNA vzorky od \u0158\u00edman\u016f z doby mezolitu, tj. od lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch cca p\u0159ed 12.000 lety, a\u017e po dobu st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9 studii publikovan\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010dasopisu Science<\/em> p\u0159edstavili v\u00fdsledky genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy 127 vzork\u016f DNA p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z\u00a029 oblast\u00ed It\u00e1lie. V\u0161echny vzorky byly osekvenov\u00e1ny a na z\u00e1klad\u011b specifick\u00fdch marker\u016f rozd\u011bleny do t\u0159\u00ed haplotypov\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 definuj\u00ed genetick\u00fd p\u016fvod jednotliv\u00fdch populac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee lid\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed 10\u00a0000 \u2013 7\u00a0000 let p\u0159.\u00a0n.\u00a0l., tzv. mezoliti\u010dt\u00ed lovci a sb\u011bra\u010di, jsou p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edm obyvatel\u016fm z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy. V\u00a0It\u00e1lii n\u00e1s jejich stopy zavedou k\u00a0jeskyn\u00edm Villabruna v\u00a0Dolomitech, Grotta Continenza v\u00a0Apenin\u00e1ch a Grotta d\u2019Oriente na Sic\u00edlii. U mezolitick\u00e9 skupiny je patrn\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1 heterozygozita, tj. pod\u00edl jedinc\u016f v populaci, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9 alely u\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9ho genu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy \u0159e\u010deno, genetick\u00e1 variabilita mezi lovci a sb\u011bra\u010di byla mal\u00e1.<\/p>\n

U vzork\u016f z\u00a0doby neolitu (cca mezi 7\u00a0000 \u2013 6\u00a0000 lety p\u0159.\u00a0n.\u00a0l.) byly ji\u017e v\u00fdsledky anal\u00fdzy zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee lid\u00e9 s\u00a0podobn\u00fdm genetick\u00fdm pozad\u00edm \u017eili nejen ve st\u0159edn\u00ed It\u00e1lii, ale i na\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho \u00cdr\u00e1nu a v\u00a0oblasti Kavkazu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se velmi zv\u00fd\u0161ila genetick\u00e1 rozmanitost obyvatelstva a heterozygozita dos\u00e1hla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na hodnotu dne\u0161n\u00ed populace.<\/p>\n

K dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v\u00a0d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informaci \u0158\u00edman\u016f do\u0161lo v\u00a0obdob\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozkv\u011btu \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria mezi lety 509 p\u0159.\u00a0n.\u00a0l. \u2013 300 n.\u00a0l. Odhaduje se, \u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b \u017eilo v\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u0161i 50 \u2013 90 milion\u016f obyvatel. Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala posun sm\u011brem k v\u00fdchodn\u00edmu St\u0159edozem\u00ed a bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 genov\u00e9 varianty jsou i v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b typick\u00e9 pro obyvatele \u0158ecka, Malty, Kypru a S\u00fdrie.<\/p>\n

Tato studie potvrzuje to, co\u017e ji\u017e zn\u00e1me z\u00a0historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f a archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f. \u0158\u00edm byl pr\u00e1vem ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako Caput Mundi<\/em>, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto sv\u011bta, kde se setk\u00e1vali lid\u00e9 z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed v\u011bdci dal\u0161\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 studie, ve kter\u00fdch se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na migrace d\u00e1vn\u00fdch populac\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj r\u016fzn\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch znak\u016f a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n

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Zdroje:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Stanford University. „Researchers lay out first genetic history of Rome.“ ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 November 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/11\/191107160611.htm><\/li>\n
  2. Antonio, Margaret L, et al. \u201cAncient Rome: A Genetic Crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean.\u201d Science, vol. 366, no. 6466, 8 Nov. 2019, pp. 708\u2013714., doi:10.1126\/science.aay6826<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fatvar starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma, pat\u0159ila mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed imp\u00e9ria v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fatvar starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma, pat\u0159ila mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed imp\u00e9ria v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. Mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 […]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3276"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3284,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276\/revisions\/3284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}