Alzheimerova choroba je neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spojen\u00e9 se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm. Po desetilet\u00ed se v\u00fdzkum t\u00e9to nemoci soust\u0159edil p\u0159\u00edmo na po\u0161kozen\u00e9 neurony. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee roli hraj\u00ed nav\u00edc imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky vrozen\u00e9 imunity a podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu i bu\u0148ky z\u00edskan\u00e9 imunity.<\/p>\n
V krvi lid\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch byla diagnostikov\u00e1na Alzheimerova choroba nebo m\u00edrn\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed poruchy, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edstupn\u011bm Alzheimerovy choroby, byl detekov\u00e1n zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd po\u010det jednoho typu cytotoxick\u00fdch T-lymfocyt\u016f. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011bchto T-lymfocyt\u016f z\u00e1rove\u0148 korelovalo s m\u00edrou naru\u0161en\u00ed kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed. Jde o imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00e9 imunity, jejich\u017e \u00faloha spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v ni\u010den\u00ed infikovan\u00fdch nebo po\u0161kozen\u00fdch bun\u011bk. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee se tyto imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky mohou pod\u00edlet na po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed neuron\u016f uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch molekul a molekul vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch bun\u011b\u010dnou smrt, kter\u00e9 jsou za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 proti infikovan\u00fdm bu\u0148k\u00e1m. Stejn\u00fd typ lymfocyt\u016f byl ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed potvrzen i v mozkom\u00ed\u0161n\u00edm moku pacient\u016f.<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem v\u011bdc\u016f bylo zjistit, zda se zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk v krvi pacient\u016f d\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edt k diagn\u00f3ze Alzheimerovy choroby. Nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fd algoritmus vyhodnocuj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010det imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk odli\u0161il pacienty s Alzheimerovou chorobou od zdrav\u00fdch lid\u00ed s 80% p\u0159esnost\u00ed. Tuto techniku lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pro zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed diagnostick\u00fdch test\u016f z krve, kter\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed u\u017e ran\u00e9 stadium Alzheimerovy choroby.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdzkum zahrnoval i pitvy mozk\u016f lid\u00ed s Alzheimerovou chorobou. V m\u00edstech degenerace mozkov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b byl nalezen zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd po\u010det v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdch T-lymfocyt\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee T-lymfocyty po\u0161kozuj\u00ed nervovou tk\u00e1\u0148 nejen vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch molekul, ale i p\u0159\u00edmou interakc\u00ed s neurony.<\/p>\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd nov\u011b vznikl\u00fd (naivn\u00ed) T-lymfocyt m\u00e1 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd receptor, povrchovou molekulu, kter\u00e1 rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed antigen, cizorodou \u010d\u00e1stici. Pokud se T-lymfocyt potk\u00e1 s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm antigenem, tak se naklonuje. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu T-lymfocyt\u016f konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho typu pak odpov\u00edd\u00e1 prod\u011blan\u00e9 nebo prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed imunitn\u00ed reakci. V\u011bdci analyzovali sekvence T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch receptor\u016f, aby zjistili, na co vlastn\u011b T-bu\u0148ky po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed neurony p\u016fvodn\u011b reaguj\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee receptory nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch lymfocyt\u016f na sebe v\u00e1\u017eou antigeny herpes vir\u016f a viru Epstein-Barrov\u00e9. Mechanismus vlivu vir\u016f na Alzheimerovu chorobu nebyl dosud pops\u00e1n ani navr\u017een.<\/p>\n
Nov\u00e1 studie potvrzuje v\u00fdznam imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu u\u00a0Alzheimerovy choroby a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch neurodegenerativn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Nav\u00edc se ukazuje, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mechanismu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i\u00a0nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 rekce na infekci n\u011bkter\u00fdmi viry. Otev\u00edr\u00e1 se tak nov\u00fd sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd mo\u017en\u00e1 povede k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed Alzheimerovy choroby.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Heneka MT. An immune-cell signature marks the brain in Alzheimer\u00b4s disease. Nature 2020; 577: 322-323. doi: 10.1038\/d41586-019-03892-8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Alzheimerova choroba je neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spojen\u00e9 se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm. Po desetilet\u00ed se v\u00fdzkum t\u00e9to nemoci soust\u0159edil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Alzheimerova choroba je neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spojen\u00e9 se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm. Po desetilet\u00ed se v\u00fdzkum t\u00e9to nemoci soust\u0159edil […]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3323"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3323"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3332,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3323\/revisions\/3332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}