{"id":3556,"date":"2020-07-21T14:53:58","date_gmt":"2020-07-21T12:53:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=3556"},"modified":"2020-07-23T10:36:50","modified_gmt":"2020-07-23T08:36:50","slug":"vliv-vitaminu-d-a-dalsich-latek-na-strevni-mikrobiom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/vliv-vitaminu-d-a-dalsich-latek-na-strevni-mikrobiom\/","title":{"rendered":"Vliv vitaminu D a dal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tek na st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma vlivu stravy na st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom je pom\u011brn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z\u00a0hlediska zdrav\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie pom\u00e1haj\u00ed formovat na\u0161i imunitu, za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed mozek a psychick\u00fd stav, hladinu cukru v\u00a0krvi, pod\u00edl tukov\u00e9 hmoty v\u00a0organismu, stav kostn\u00ed hmoty a \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch. V\u00a0n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dc\u00edch se dozv\u00edte z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 skladb\u011b stravy a jej\u00ed vliv na st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patologick\u00e9 odchylky ve slo\u017een\u00ed mikrobiomu jsou spojeny s \u0159adou metabolick\u00fdch a z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed (nap\u0159. obezitou, z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdmi nemoci st\u0159eva, syndromem dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00e9ho tra\u010dn\u00edku, steat\u00f3zou jater, diabetem 1. a 2. typu, ateroskler\u00f3zou, autizmem). St\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom je vysoce dynamick\u00fd soubor bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00fd se neust\u00e1le obm\u011b\u0148uje b\u011bhem r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje. Mezi hlavn\u00ed faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kolonizaci a rozmanitost pat\u0159\u00ed mimo stravu tak\u00e9 v\u011bk, genetika, zp\u016fsob porodu p\u0159i narozen\u00ed, zp\u016fsob v\u00fd\u017eivy kojenc\u016f, l\u00e9ky (nap\u0159. antibiotika), kou\u0159en\u00ed, pohyb, zem\u011bpisn\u00e1 poloha apod.<\/p>\n

Strava m\u00e1 velik\u00fd pod\u00edl na slo\u017een\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00edho mikrobiomu, jej\u00ed variabilita a pestrost slo\u017een\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na vyv\u00e1\u017eenou zdravou stravu m\u00e1 pozitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky na p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 bakterie st\u0159eva. Preklinick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee fytochemik\u00e1lie poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z \u010derven\u00e9ho v\u00edna a \u010daje a vitamin D mohou modulovat potenci\u00e1ln\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 bakterie.\u00a0Polyfenoly, jako jsou flavonoidy, fenolov\u00e9 kyseliny, stilbeny a lignany se vyskytuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0ovoci (zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0\u010derven\u00fdch plodech \u2013 bobule r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9, bor\u016fvek, brusinek, malin, ostru\u017ein, je\u0159\u00e1bu, ryb\u00edzu, jahod, apod.), zelenin\u011b, celozrnn\u00fdch obilovin\u00e1ch, \u010daji, k\u00e1v\u011b, kakau a ko\u0159en\u00ed (kurkuma, sko\u0159ice, h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dek, tymi\u00e1n apod.). Sv\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00fd antioxida\u010dn\u00ed, protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fd, antikarcinogenn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek na lidsk\u00fd organismus a potencion\u00e1ln\u011b mohou podporovat r\u016fst prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f bakteri\u00ed sv\u00fdm probiotick\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch studi\u00edch konzumace polyfenol\u016f z \u010derven\u00e9ho v\u00edna zv\u00fd\u0161ila po\u010det\u00a0st\u0159evn\u00edch Bifidobacteri\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0Lactobacill\u016f <\/em>u<\/em> ob\u00e9zn\u00edch jedinc\u016f, kter\u00e9 korelovaly se zlep\u0161en\u00edm marker\u016f metabolick\u00e9ho syndromu, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b krevn\u00edho tlaku, hladiny gluk\u00f3zy v plazm\u011b a lipidov\u00e9ho profilu v\u00a0plazm\u011b. Polyfenoly tak\u00e9 mohou podporovat produkci mastn\u00fdch kyselin s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem (SCFA), kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v\u00a0metabolismu a zdrav\u00ed st\u0159ev (sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pH, ochrana p\u0159ed patogeny, zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek, v\u00fd\u017eiva bun\u011bk st\u0159eva, protektivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek p\u0159ed kolorekt\u00e1ln\u00edm karcinomem apod.).<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed obsahu ovoce a zeleniny je tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vl\u00e1kniny (nap\u0159. galaktooligosacharidy, inulin, fruktooligosacharidy apod.), kter\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u011b podporuje r\u016fst prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch kmen\u016f bakteri\u00ed a potla\u010duje rozvoj potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdch kmen\u016f.\u00a0Pozitivn\u00ed efekt vykazuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 arabinoxylany, kter\u00e9 jsou zastoupeny v\u00a0celozrnn\u00fdch obilovin\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na p\u0161enici (nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem jsou p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9 otruby). \u00a0Arabinoxylany zvy\u0161uj\u00ed biodiverzitu st\u0159evn\u00edho mikrobiomu se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na bakterie Bifidobacterium<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0Lactobacillus<\/em>. Vedle vl\u00e1kniny a fytochemik\u00e1li\u00ed jsou ovoce, zelenina, celozrnn\u00e9 obiloviny a lu\u0161t\u011bniny, o\u0159echy, sem\u00ednka a rostlinn\u00e9 oleje tak\u00e9 bohat\u00fdm zdrojem vitamin\u016f. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 vitaminy mohou pozitivn\u011b korelovat s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm st\u0159evn\u00edho mikrobiomu, resp. zaji\u0161\u0165ovat r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed a potla\u010dovat rozvoj patogenn\u00edch mikroorganism\u016f ve st\u0159evech. Nap\u0159. vitaminy skupiny B podporuj\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed kolonizaci prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f, slo\u017eit\u00fdmi mechanismy sni\u017euj\u00ed patogenitu nevhodn\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed a p\u016fsob\u00ed jako kofaktor pro \u0159adu biologick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed hostitele. Stejn\u011b tak je pro st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom prosp\u011bn\u00fd vitamin A, vitamin C, E a D.<\/p>\n

Klinick\u00e9 studie zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed suplementaci vitaminem D ukazuj\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00a0 prevenci rozvoje chronick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zm\u011bny v mikrobiot\u011b mohou b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch mechanism\u016f. Jeho \u00fa\u010dinky mohou tak\u00e9 eliminovat v\u00fdskyt depresivn\u00edch a \u00fazkostn\u00fdch stav\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 studie uk\u00e1zaly korelaci mezi zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm obsahem mastn\u00fdch kyselin s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem (SCFA) ve st\u0159evech a p\u0159\u00edjmem vitaminu D. Tento vitamin m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 imunomodula\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti, a proto m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ovlivnit mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kolonizaci st\u0159evn\u00edho traktu. Sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed najde tak\u00e9 v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b \u0159ady z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch st\u0159evn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem vitaminu D je slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (UVB), kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed na poko\u017eku. Vhodn\u00fdmi potravinov\u00fdmi zdroji jsou j\u00e1tra (zejm\u00e9na tres\u010d\u00ed), m\u00e1slo, vejce, ml\u00e9ko, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a houby.<\/p>\n

Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 a zdrav\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva tedy m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom a p\u0159edch\u00e1zet \u0159ad\u011b nemoc\u00ed. Negativn\u00ed vliv na st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiotu m\u00e1 nezdrav\u00e1 strava, zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1padn\u00edho stylu (vysoce zpracovan\u00e9 potraviny, potraviny bohat\u00e9 na nasycen\u00e9 tuky, konzerva\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tky, barviva, um\u011bl\u00e1 sladidla), kter\u00e1 vede k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmu zastoupen\u00ed a rozmanitosti p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch kmen\u016f bakteri\u00ed. Naopak p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv m\u00e1 vhodn\u011b zvolen\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 strava s\u00a0d\u016frazem na dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem ovoce a zeleniny, celozrnn\u00fdch obilovin, lu\u0161t\u011bnin, ml\u00e9ka a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0na\u0161em centru si m\u016f\u017eete nechat otestovat st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom<\/strong> nebo poradit s\u00a0j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dkem<\/strong> zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm t\u0159eba pr\u00e1v\u011b na zdrav\u00e1 st\u0159eva.<\/p>\n

Mgr. Kate\u0159ina Vokounov\u00e1<\/strong>
\nnutri\u010dn\u00ed specialista<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/p>\n

YANG, Q., et al., 2020. Role of Dietary Nutrients in the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Nutrients.<\/em> 12(2): 381. doi:\u00a010.3390\/nu12020381. Dostupn\u00e9 na: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7071260\/<\/a><\/p>\n

NASH, V., et al., 2018. The effects of grape and red wine polyphenols on gut microbiota – A systematic review. Food Research International.<\/em> 113: 277-287. doi:\u00a010.1016\/j.foodres.2018.07.019. Dostupn\u00e9 na: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30195522\/<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

RY\u0160\u00c1VKA, P., 2019. Mikrobiom a vybran\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Pediatrie pro praxi. <\/em>20(3): 192-195. Dostupn\u00e9 na: https:\/\/www.solen.cz\/artkey\/ped-201903-0013_mikrobiom_a_vybrana_onemocneni.php<\/u><\/p>\n

LERI, M. et al., 2020. Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms. International Journal od Molecular Science. <\/em>21(4): 1250. doi:\u00a010.3390\/ijms21041250. Dostupn\u00e9 na:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7072974\/<\/a><\/p>\n

JAMES, S. et al., 2020. Gut Microbial Metabolites and Biochemical Pathways Involved in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Effects of Diet and Nutrition on the Microbiome. The Journal of Nutrition.<\/em> 150(5): 1012\u20131021. doi:\u00a010.1093\/jn\/nxz302<\/u>. Dostupn\u00e9 na: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7198292\/<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n

HUGHES. R., et al., 2020. A Review of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Personalized Sports Nutrition. Frontiers in Nutrition. <\/em>2019; 6: 191. doi:\u00a010.3389\/fnut.2019.00191. Dostupn\u00e9 na:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6966970\/<\/a><\/u><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma vlivu stravy na st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom je pom\u011brn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z\u00a0hlediska zdrav\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"T\u00e9ma vlivu stravy na st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom je pom\u011brn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 z\u00a0hlediska zdrav\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 […]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3556"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3556"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3564,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3556\/revisions\/3564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}