P\u0159esto\u017ee se pozn\u00e1n\u00ed na poli reproduk\u010dn\u00ed biologie rychle posouv\u00e1, je zde st\u00e1le plno nezn\u00e1ma, nebo\u0165 ani tento obor nen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b zdaleka prob\u00e1d\u00e1n. Je v\u017edy zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, kdy\u017e badatel\u00e9 p\u0159ijdou s\u00a0nov\u00fdm objevem \u010di tvrzen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s ve v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed posune zase o krok d\u00e1le. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm objevem v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti je vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u00fdtu o zp\u016fsobu pohybu spermi\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Nov\u00fd objev v\u00a0motilit\u011b spermi\u00ed se poda\u0159il v\u011bdc\u016fm z\u00a0univerzit v Birminghamu, Oxfordu a\u00a0z\u00a0Mexika. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tento objev neu\u010dinili reproduk\u010dn\u00ed biologov\u00e9, ale matematici. V\u011bdci z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch univerzit popsali vzorec, podle kter\u00e9ho se pohybuj\u00ed spermie v\u00a0ejakul\u00e1tu. Auto\u0159i t\u00e9to studie se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee by jejich informace mohly v\u00a0budoucnu pomoci p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b neplodnosti.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdzkum odhalil, \u017ee t\u0159i stolet\u00ed let \u017eijeme v myln\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch o spermi\u00edch. Studie matematika Hermana Gadelhy z Bristolsk\u00e9 univerzity publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Science Advances p\u0159episuje dosud uzn\u00e1van\u00fd zp\u016fsob pohybu spermi\u00ed. D\u00edky \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9mu vybaven\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zpochybnili v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 let star\u00fd popis pohybu, kter\u00fd zaznamenal sv\u00fdm mikroskopem Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632\u20131723), za sv\u00e9 mnoho\u010detn\u00e9 objevy pova\u017eovan\u00fd za \u201eotce mikrobiologie\u201c. Pohyb spermie popsal tak, \u017ee kdy\u017e m\u00e1 oc\u00e1sek, s\u00a0jeho pomoc\u00ed se pohybuje vlnovit\u011b jako \u00faho\u0159 ve vod\u011b.<\/p>\n
V\u011bdci v\u00a0tomto objevu popsali, \u017ee spermie se v\u00a0ejakul\u00e1tu pohybuj\u00ed rytmick\u00fdm koordinovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Jednotliv\u00e9 pohlavn\u00ed bu\u0148ky vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed trhav\u00e9 pohyby nejen dop\u0159edu, ale i dozadu a do stran. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem pohybu se tak vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd proud, kter\u00fd eliminuje mo\u017enost vzniku intenzivn\u00edho t\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohlo spermie na cest\u011b k\u00a0vaj\u00ed\u010dku zastavit.<\/p>\n
Odborn\u00edci tedy konstatovali, \u017ee dosud popisovan\u00fd pohyb spermi\u00ed je pouh\u00e1 optick\u00e1 iluze a\u00a0opravdov\u00fd pohyb spermi\u00ed je ve skute\u010dnosti jin\u00fd, a to o dost slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdzkum prov\u00e1d\u011bl t\u00fdm odborn\u00edk\u016f na nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typu 3D mikroskopu, kde byly spermie filmov\u00e1ny kamerou sn\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e 55 tis\u00edc sn\u00edmk\u016f za vte\u0159inu. C\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumu bylo zmapovat spermie ve v\u0161ech t\u0159ech rozm\u011brech. V\u011bdci p\u0159itom m\u011bli k dispozici za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed vzorkem semene nahoru a\u00a0dol\u016f, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e z\u00edskali trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 z\u00e1b\u011bry. Z jejich z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spermie prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed slo\u017eitou s\u00e9rii trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch to\u010div\u00fdch pohyb\u016f. V klasick\u00e9m 2D mikroskopu to vypad\u00e1 jako by spermie \u0161vihaly bi\u010d\u00edkem.<\/p>\n
Gadelha ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu zjistil, \u017ee si spermie na\u0161ly zp\u016fsob, jak se ot\u00e1\u010det okolo sv\u00e9 osy. Jejich pohyb tedy ve skute\u010dnosti vypad\u00e1 podobn\u011b jako pohyb hrav\u00fdch vyder ve vod\u011b, a\u010dkoli na prvn\u00ed pohled se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, jak ji\u017e konstatoval Leeuwenhoek, \u017ee se pohybuj\u00ed jako \u00faho\u0159i. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b by se dalo \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee se hlavi\u010dka spermie nat\u00e1\u010d\u00ed ve sm\u011bru plav\u00e1n\u00ed podle toho, jak se bi\u010d\u00edk ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed. Bi\u010d\u00edk prov\u00e1d\u00ed rychlou s\u00e9rii asymetrick\u00fdch pohyb\u016f v jednom sm\u011bru, zat\u00edmco hlavi\u010dka spermie rota\u010dn\u00ed moment vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1, tak\u017ee se spermie m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat kup\u0159edu.<\/p>\n
Auto\u0159i t\u00e9to studie pevn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jejich objev najde vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b neplodnosti, pro kterou je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak p\u0159esn\u011b se spermie pohybuj\u00ed. V z\u00e1v\u011bru sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce podotkli, \u017ee pokud p\u0159esn\u011b nerozum\u00edme tomu, jak tento proces funguje, t\u011b\u017eko doufat, \u017ee vy\u0159e\u0161\u00edme v\u0161echny z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my, v\u010detn\u011b neplodnosti.<\/p>\n
Reproduk\u010dn\u00ed biologov\u00e9 a l\u00e9ka\u0159i v\u00a0centrech asistovan\u00e9 reprodukce nemus\u00ed vid\u011bt p\u0159\u00ednos tohoto objevu tak optimisticky. Tento objev je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd z\u00a0hlediska up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed teorie, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00a0reproduk\u010dn\u00edch centrech zaj\u00edm\u00e1 embryology hlavn\u011b to, jak nejl\u00e9pe pomoci spermi\u00edm s\u00a0nedostate\u010dnou motilitou, aby se jejich pohyb zrychlil. Bohu\u017eel k dosa\u017een\u00ed tohoto c\u00edle objev nenapomohl. Skepticismus v\u00a0tomto ohledu ale nen\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b. Modern\u00ed reproduk\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00edna u\u017e um\u00ed mu\u017e\u016fm s\u00a0t\u011bmito probl\u00e9my pomoci. Spermie lze z\u00edskat i od mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed je v\u00a0ejakul\u00e1tu nemaj\u00ed, nebo je maj\u00ed velmi pomal\u00e9. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se spermie odeb\u00edraj\u00ed chirurgicky z\u00a0nadvarlete pacienta.<\/p>\n
Nev\u00edme, co n\u00e1m v\u00a0budoucnosti dal\u0161\u00ed b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9ho objevu p\u0159inese. Mo\u017en\u00e1 zjist\u00edme, \u017ee tento objev znamen\u00e1 velk\u00fdm pr\u016flom i pro oblast l\u00e9\u010dby neplodnosti.<\/p>\n
Zdroj:<\/strong><\/p>\n Gad\u00ealha, H., Hern\u00e1ndez-Herrera, P., Montoya, F., Darszon, A., \u00a0Corkidi, G. (2020). Human sperm uses asymmetric and anisotropic flagellar controls to regulate swimming symmetry and cell steering. Science Advances, 6(31), eaba5168.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" P\u0159esto\u017ee se pozn\u00e1n\u00ed na poli reproduk\u010dn\u00ed biologie rychle posouv\u00e1, je zde st\u00e1le plno nezn\u00e1ma, nebo\u0165 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"P\u0159esto\u017ee se pozn\u00e1n\u00ed na poli reproduk\u010dn\u00ed biologie rychle posouv\u00e1, je zde st\u00e1le plno nezn\u00e1ma, nebo\u0165 […]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3644"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3644"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3645,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3644\/revisions\/3645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}