{"id":3676,"date":"2020-10-22T15:39:53","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T13:39:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=3676"},"modified":"2020-10-22T15:52:30","modified_gmt":"2020-10-22T13:52:30","slug":"neandertalske-geny-se-spolupodileji-na-vaznem-prubehu-nemoci-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/neandertalske-geny-se-spolupodileji-na-vaznem-prubehu-nemoci-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e9 geny se spolupod\u00edlej\u00ed na v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu nemoci COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 studie zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se na boj s\u00a0nemoc\u00ed COVID-19 vy\u0161la ned\u00e1vno <\/strong><strong>v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature pod n\u00e1zvem \u201eThe major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neanderthals\u201c. U 3\u00a0199 hospitalizovan\u00fdch pacient\u016f zkoumala mo\u017en\u00fd vliv genetick\u00fdch dispozic na toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ji\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed virem SARS-CoV-2 se zvy\u0161uje nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00a0p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem a mimo jin\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 na pohlav\u00ed jedince (mu\u017ei b\u00fdvaj\u00ed naka\u017eeni \u010dast\u011bji). Tyto faktory v\u0161ak nevysv\u011btluj\u00ed, pro\u010d nemoc u pacient\u016f prob\u00edh\u00e1 se siln\u00fdmi, slab\u00fdmi, \u010di nulov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee na pr\u016fb\u011bh tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt velk\u00fd vliv tak\u00e9 genetika, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e9 geny. Ty po sv\u00fdch d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edc\u00edch pod\u011bdilo a\u017e 50 % obyvatel\u00a0ji\u017en\u00ed Asie a asi 16 % Evropan\u016f. K\u00a0tomuto z\u00e1v\u011bru dosp\u011bli v\u011bdci porovn\u00e1n\u00edm DNA pacient\u016f s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem nemoci\u00a0s DNA neandert\u00e1lc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Studium genetick\u00e9 informace uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee na chromosomech 3 a 9 jsou oblasti kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro krevn\u00ed skupiny syst\u00e9mu AB0, souvislost s\u00a0COVID-19 m\u00e1 oblast na chromosomu 3. R\u016fzn\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 varianty v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti jsou ve vysok\u00e9 nerovnov\u00e1ze. Jsou v\u0161ak v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch populac\u00edch \u00fazce propojeny.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzkumem velk\u00e9 skupiny 5008 haplotyp\u016f bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lc\u016fm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed haplotyp o d\u00e9lce 49,4 kb. N\u011bkter\u00e9 del\u0161\u00ed haplotypy (333,8 kb) byly p\u0159ed 40\u00a0000\u201360\u00a0000 lety zd\u011bd\u011bny od populac\u00ed neandert\u00e1lc\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch na \u00fazem\u00ed \u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edho Chorvatska, Sibi\u0159e a poho\u0159\u00ed Altaj, a tak\u00e9 od denisovan\u016f. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0Africe se neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e9 haplotypy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevyskytuj\u00ed, nalezneme je v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a hlavn\u011b v\u00a0Asii, kde jsou jejich nositeli pouze Jihoasiat\u00e9. Jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je v\u00a0Banglad\u00e9\u0161i, kde odhadem 63 % lid\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed alespo\u0148 jednu kopii neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho riskantn\u00edho haplotypu a a\u017e 13 % lid\u00ed je homozygotn\u00edch. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e9 haplotypy, vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed populaci, se od p\u016fvodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezm\u011bnily.<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k\u00a0prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pandemii COVID-19 lze usuzovat, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e9 haplotypy detekovateln\u00e9 u ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti dne\u0161n\u00ed populace, mimo jin\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory, p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0propuknut\u00ed t\u00e9to nemoci a pod\u00edlej\u00ed se i na jej\u00edm t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n<p>Je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se citlivosti neandert\u00e1lsk\u00fdch haploskupin v\u016f\u010di\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm patogen\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ing. V\u00edt Smejkal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Odborn\u00fd asistent<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj:<\/p>\n<p>Zeberg H, Paabo S<em> (2020): The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neanderthals. Nature, doi: <\/em>10.1038\/s41586-020-2818-3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 studie zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se na boj s\u00a0nemoc\u00ed COVID-19 vy\u0161la ned\u00e1vno v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature pod n\u00e1zvem \u201eThe [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 studie zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se na boj s\u00a0nemoc\u00ed COVID-19 vy\u0161la ned\u00e1vno v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature pod n\u00e1zvem \u201eThe [&hellip;]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3676"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3676"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3682,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3676\/revisions\/3682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}