Dv\u011b slo\u017eky imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, vrozen\u00e1 a z\u00edskan\u00e1 (adaptivn\u00ed) imunita, funguj\u00ed ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 sou\u010dinnosti. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0nich disponuje\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy bun\u011bk s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u00falohami. Adaptivn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch typ\u016f bun\u011bk. Jsou jimi B lymfocyty produkuj\u00edc\u00ed protil\u00e1tky, CD4+ T lymfocyty (pomocn\u00e9), kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed pomocnou a efektorovou funkci, a CD8+ T lymfocyty (cytotoxick\u00e9), kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k zab\u00edjen\u00ed infikovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Imunita zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e1 T lymfocyty, tzv. bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1, se pod\u00edl\u00ed na boji proti mnoha infek\u010dn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm v\u010detn\u011b COVID-19.<\/p>\n
B lymfocyty, resp. plazmatick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, v\u00a0n\u011b\u017e se B lymfocyty diferencuj\u00ed, dok\u00e1\u017eou tvo\u0159it protil\u00e1tky specifick\u00e9 proti SARS-CoV-2. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vznikaj\u00ed T lymfocyty CD4+ a CD8+, jejich\u017e receptory rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00ed antigeny SARS-CoV-2. Tyto bu\u0148ky se spolupod\u00edlej\u00ed na kontrole virov\u00e9 infekce. Velice zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, protil\u00e1tky v\u011bt\u0161inou zastavuj\u00ed patogeny mimo bu\u0148ky, nav\u00e1\u017eou se na n\u011b, t\u00edm neumo\u017en\u00ed vstup do bu\u0148ky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je ozna\u010d\u00ed pro rychlej\u0161\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed, a T lymfocyty zastavuj\u00ed jejich replikaci uvnit\u0159 bun\u011bk. Tato \u201ed\u011blba pr\u00e1ce\u201c se jev\u00ed jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd mechanismus k\u00a0eliminaci infekc\u00ed. P\u0159i p\u0159irozen\u00e9 infekci trv\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das, ne\u017e reakce adaptivn\u00ed imunity proti SARS-CoV-2 vznikne a imunita se vytvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee v\u00a0organismu mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 T lymfocyty nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 proti ostatn\u00edm koronavir\u016fm (nap\u0159. sez\u00f3nn\u00edm). Pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky se v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed vytvo\u0159it v\u017edy, a pokud se vytvo\u0159\u00ed, nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak dlouho v\u00a0organismu p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee adaptivn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed reakce jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro kontrolu a eradikaci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech infekc\u00ed u lid\u00ed, je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji vakc\u00edn dosa\u017een\u00ed imunitn\u00ed reakce s\u00a0aktivac\u00ed T lymfocyt\u016f a tvorba pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch bun\u011bk.<\/p>\n
Je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce studi\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch se na antigen specifick\u00e9 CD4+ T lymfocyty a CD8+ T lymfocyty, kter\u00e9 by objasnily mechanismy ochrann\u00fdch imunitn\u00edch odpov\u011bd\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19. V\u00fdzkum zac\u00edlen\u00fd na trv\u00e1n\u00ed imunologick\u00e9 pam\u011bti a ochrannou imunitu m\u00e1 v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011btovou pandemi\u00ed vysokou prioritu.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
21. 4. 2021<\/p>\n
Ing. V\u00edt Smejkal<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Zdroj:<\/p>\n
Sette A, Crotty S (2021): Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Cell, 184, 861-880. doi:\u00a010.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Dv\u011b slo\u017eky imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, vrozen\u00e1 a z\u00edskan\u00e1 (adaptivn\u00ed) imunita, funguj\u00ed ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 sou\u010dinnosti. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0nich […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Dv\u011b slo\u017eky imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, vrozen\u00e1 a z\u00edskan\u00e1 (adaptivn\u00ed) imunita, funguj\u00ed ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 sou\u010dinnosti. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0nich […]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3898"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3898"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3903,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3898\/revisions\/3903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}