{"id":3906,"date":"2021-06-10T15:36:43","date_gmt":"2021-06-10T13:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=3906"},"modified":"2021-12-10T15:29:48","modified_gmt":"2021-12-10T14:29:48","slug":"sars-cov-2-mechanismy-imunitni-odpovedi-po-infekci-vakcinaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/sars-cov-2-mechanismy-imunitni-odpovedi-po-infekci-vakcinaci\/","title":{"rendered":"SARS-CoV-2: Mechanismy imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi po infekci \/ vakcinaci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Od po\u010d\u00e1tku pandemie v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2020 dost\u00e1v\u00e1me mnoho dotaz\u016f ohledn\u011b viru SARS-CoV-2 a\u00a0onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19. V\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b, kdy\u017e u\u017e velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u010desk\u00e9 populace onemocn\u011bn\u00ed prod\u011blala \u010di\u00a0podstoupila vakcinaci, se lid\u00e9 nejv\u00edce zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o z\u00edskanou (tzv. specifickou) imunitu. Ve zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 form\u011b jsme pro V\u00e1s proto shrnuli poznatky o jej\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1stech \u2013 protil\u00e1tkov\u00e9 a T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 imunit\u011b, o\u00a0rozd\u00edlech v\u00a0imunitn\u00ed ochran\u011b po prod\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed infekce a po o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ipojili nov\u00e9 informace o t.\u010d. nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch variant\u00e1ch (mutac\u00edch) viru SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed obrannou slo\u017ekou imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu proti v\u0161em cizorod\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m je <strong>nespecifick\u00e1 imunita<\/strong>. Je vrozen\u00e1, a krom\u011b nespecifick\u00fdch imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk bez imunitn\u00ed pam\u011bti zahrnuje i\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry t\u011bla \u2013 k\u016f\u017ei, sliznice, slzy aj. Druhou kl\u00ed\u010dovou slo\u017ekou imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je <strong>specifick\u00e1 imunita<\/strong>. Ji\u017e\u00a0b\u011bhem embryon\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje se imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u010dlov\u011bka u\u010d\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1vat specifick\u00e9 membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 proteiny vlastn\u00edch bun\u011bk. Specifick\u00e1 imunita nen\u00ed vrozen\u00e1, vznik\u00e1 a\u017e po prvn\u00edm setk\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0danou cizorodou l\u00e1tkou, tzv. antigenem. <strong>Specifick\u00e1 imunita se vyzna\u010duje imunologickou pam\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159i\u00a0opakovan\u00e9m setk\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0antigenem tvo\u0159\u00ed rychlej\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f<\/strong>. <strong>Specifickou imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f organismu lze detekovat pomoc\u00ed laboratorn\u00edch metod<\/strong>. B\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00e9 jsou dnes <strong>testy protil\u00e1tek<\/strong>, nem\u00e9n\u011b je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<strong> stanoven\u00ed i\u00a0T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 imunity proti viru SARS-CoV-2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Protil\u00e1tky<\/strong> jsou tvo\u0159eny B-lymfocyty a plazmatick\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami. Jejich tvorba za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 a je zjistiteln\u00e1 t\u00fddny po prod\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed infekce. <strong>V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b infekce koronavirem se stanovuj\u00ed protil\u00e1tky IgM, IgA a IgG<\/strong>.\u00a0 IgM se tvo\u0159\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edve po akutn\u00ed f\u00e1zi infekce a nejd\u0159\u00edve tak\u00e9 miz\u00ed. P\u0159i vysok\u00e9 hladin\u011b IgM protil\u00e1tek lze usuzovat na ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010di ned\u00e1vno prod\u011blanou infekci. IgA jsou pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 slizni\u010dn\u00ed protil\u00e1tky typick\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b pro respira\u010dn\u00ed infekce, jejich \u010d\u00e1st tak\u00e9 koluje krv\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi t\u011bln\u00edmi tekutinami. Stejn\u011b jako IgM protil\u00e1tky pom\u011brn\u011b rychle vymizej\u00ed. Oproti tomu IgA a IgG protil\u00e1tky jsou pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 a v t\u011ble mohou p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat m\u011bs\u00edce i roky.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 imunita<\/strong> odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed specifickou imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f T-lymfocyt\u016f. Existuje v\u00edce typ\u016f T-lymfocyt\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed B-lymfocyt\u016fm p\u0159i tvorb\u011b protil\u00e1tek (pomocn\u00e9 T-lymfocyt\u016f), jin\u00e9 \u00fato\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo proti virem napaden\u00fdm bu\u0148k\u00e1m vlastn\u00edho t\u011bla (cytotoxick\u00e9 T-lymfocyt\u016f). Pr\u016fkaz T-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 imunity spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0detekci sign\u00e1ln\u00edch molekul \u2013 cytokin\u016f, kter\u00e9 T-lymfocyty produkuj\u00ed v\u00a0reakci na p\u0159\u00edtomnost peptid\u016f (\u00falomk\u016f b\u00edlkovin) koronaviru.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b infekce virem SARS-CoV-2 v\u011bdci zat\u00edm nedok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159\u00edci, jak dlouho a v\u00a0jak\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed protil\u00e1tky \u010di specifick\u00e9 T-lymfocyty v\u00a0krevn\u00edm ob\u011bhu p\u0159etrvaj\u00ed.<\/strong> I kdy\u017e to bude pro ka\u017ed\u00fd organismus individu\u00e1ln\u00ed, obecn\u011b lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat dlouhodobou ochranu. I mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed specifick\u00fdch pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch bun\u011bk a T-lymfocyt\u016f v\u00a0krevn\u00edm \u0159e\u010di\u0161ti by m\u011blo p\u0159i op\u011btovn\u00e9m setk\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0virem sta\u010dit k\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 imunitn\u00ed reakci. Trvale vysok\u00e1 koncentrace imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk specifick\u00fdch proti v\u0161em druh\u016fm vir\u016f a bakteri\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi jsme se kdy setkali, nen\u00ed kapacitn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1. Po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b po prod\u011blan\u00e9 infekci imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky ponechaj\u00ed jen \u201estr\u00e1\u017ece\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed daj\u00ed pokyn k\u00a0rychl\u00e9mu namno\u017een\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b znovuobjeven\u00ed \u201evet\u0159elce\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>To potvrzuj\u00ed i nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy. <strong>Ned\u00e1vno publikovan\u00e1 studie v\u00a0presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Nature potvrzuje p\u0159\u00edtomnost plazmatick\u00fdch bun\u011bk specifick\u00fdch proti viru SARS-CoV-2 v\u00a0kostn\u00ed d\u0159eni nejm\u00e9n\u011b sedm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po prod\u011blan\u00e9 infekci.<\/strong> <strong>Je\u0161t\u011b del\u0161\u00ed imunitn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 studie z\u00a0americk\u00e9 Rockefellerovy univerzity<\/strong>. Auto\u0159i se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee plazmatick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky v\u00a0kostn\u00ed d\u0159eni mohou poskytnout imunitu i na des\u00edtky let, ne-li na cel\u00fd \u017eivot. Auto\u0159i z toho vyvozuj\u00ed, \u017ee imunita vyvolan\u00e1 nemoc\u00ed i\u00a0vakc\u00ednami by mohla b\u00fdt opravdu dlouhodob\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Auto\u0159i studie \u201ePerzistence protil\u00e1tek v\u016f\u010di virov\u00fdm a vakcin\u00e1ln\u00edm antigen\u016fm\u201c z\u00a0roku 2007 zji\u0161\u0165ovali, jak dlouho p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed protil\u00e1tky po prod\u011blan\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010di vakcinaci proti vir\u016fm vakcinie, spalni\u010dek, p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nic, plan\u00fdch ne\u0161tovic a p\u00e1sov\u00e9ho oparu, viru Epstein-Barrov\u00e9, tetanu a z\u00e1\u0161krtu. V\u011bdci sledovali 45 lid\u00ed po dobu 26 let. V\u00fdsledky sledov\u00e1n\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee polo\u010das rozpadu protil\u00e1tek po prod\u011blan\u00e9 infekci je 50 a v\u00edce let. Podobn\u00fd polo\u010das rozpadu protil\u00e1tek byl patrn\u00fd i po o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivou vakc\u00ednou (oslaben\u00fdm virem). Naopak protil\u00e1tkov\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f po vakcinaci anatoxiny, tj. bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edmi toxiny s potla\u010denou toxicitou a zachovanou antigenicitou (vakc\u00edny proti tetanu, z\u00e1\u0161krtu), se pom\u011brn\u011b rychle sni\u017eovala. Polo\u010das rozpadu t\u011bchto protil\u00e1tek byl odhadov\u00e1n na 11\u201319 let. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee protil\u00e1tkov\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 v\u016f\u010di r\u016fzn\u00fdm antigenn\u00edm struktur\u00e1m po setk\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0\u017eiv\u00fdm virem (p\u0159irozen\u00fdm \u010di\u00a0oslaben\u00fdm v\u00a0\u017eiv\u00e9 vakc\u00edn\u011b) je \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po imunizaci pouze jedn\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm antigenem.<\/p>\n<p>U viru SARS-CoV-2 zat\u00edm v\u00edme, \u017ee ochrana po prod\u011blan\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u011b po dobu 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. I u tohoto viru lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee <strong>stimulace a pam\u011b\u0165 imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu po prod\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19 je komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po vakcinaci<\/strong>. Virus SARS-CoV-2 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a0protein\u016f S (Spike), N (Nucleocapsid), E (Envelope), M (Membrane) a doprovodn\u00fdch protein\u016f ORF. Nejv\u00edce imunogenn\u00ed, tedy nejv\u00edce stimuluj\u00edc\u00ed, jsou S\u00a0protein a N protein. Pokud imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m dok\u00e1\u017ee onemocn\u011bn\u00ed udr\u017eet pod kontrolou, imunitn\u00ed bu\u0148ky virus rozlo\u017e\u00ed na mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky (jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti protein\u016f \u2013 tzv. peptidy). Tyto \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky pak prezentuj\u00ed T-lymfocyt\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny vytv\u00e1\u0159et pam\u011b\u0165ovou specifickou imunitu zab\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed virem napaden\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. B-lymfocyty a jimi tvo\u0159en\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky jsou naopak zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na tzv. nativn\u00ed (neporu\u0161en\u00e9) b\u00edlkoviny.<\/p>\n<p>Od objevu viru SARS-CoV-2 ji\u017e bylo pops\u00e1no velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mutac\u00ed v\u00a0jeho genomu identifikovan\u00fdch v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. V\u011bt\u0161ina zm\u011bn (mutac\u00ed), kter\u00e9 p\u0159i replikaci viru vznikaj\u00ed, m\u00e1 jen nepatrn\u00fd \u010di\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv na vlastnosti viru. N\u011bkter\u00e9 mutace v\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch proteinech viru v\u0161ak mohou ovlivnit jeho vlastnosti \u2013 virulenci, invazivitu, rychlost replikace, ale i z\u00e1va\u017enost pr\u016fb\u011bhu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, \u00fa\u010dinnost vakc\u00edn, l\u00e9k\u016f a diagnostick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Po\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervna 2021 p\u0159edstavila Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace WHO nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m d\u011blen\u00ed variant koronaviru na tzv. VOC \u2248 Variants of Concern (varianty vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed obavy) a VOI \u2248 Variants of\u00a0Interest (varianty vzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd z\u00e1jem). Glob\u00e1ln\u011b je podporov\u00e1no sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed genom\u016f viru SARS-CoV-2 pro v\u010dasn\u00e9 detekov\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch mutac\u00ed a\u00a0jejich hodnocen\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b rizika pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bylo sjednoceno ozna\u010den\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch variant viru SARS-CoV-2 pomoc\u00ed p\u00edsmen \u0159eck\u00e9 abecedy. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varianty viru SARS-CoV-2 jsou:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alfa varianta \u2248 britsk\u00e1<\/strong> (B.1.1.7; VOC) byla objevena v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 2020 v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b. Pro alfa variantu je typick\u00fdch 10 mutac\u00ed\/delec\u00ed v\u00a0S proteinu, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm se virus dost\u00e1v\u00e1 sn\u00e1ze do lidsk\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Bylo pops\u00e1no a\u017e o 50\u00a0% v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed riziko p\u0159enosu ne\u017e u p\u016fvodn\u00ed varianty; n\u011bkter\u00e1 data uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed i z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. U alfa varianty nebyla pops\u00e1na v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 zm\u011bna v\u00a0reakci imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu \u010di sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost po vakcinaci.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beta varianta \u2248 jihoafrick\u00e1<\/strong> (B.1.351; VOC) byla detekov\u00e1na v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice v \u0159\u00edjnu roku 2020. A\u010dkoli je sv\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami v S proteinu podobn\u00e1 alfa variant\u011b a rovn\u011b\u017e se vykazuje 10 zm\u011bnami v S proteinu, fylogenetick\u00fdmi testy bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee vznikly nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b. U beta varianty byla pops\u00e1na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost neutralizuj\u00edc\u00edch protil\u00e1tek po vakcinaci, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div na b\u00e1zi monoklon\u00e1ln\u00edch protil\u00e1tek. Riziko p\u0159enosu je cca o 50 % v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u p\u016fvodn\u00ed varianty.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gama varianta \u2248 brazilsk\u00e1<\/strong> (P.1; VOC) byla zachycena po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2021 a v\u00a0b\u0159eznu ji\u017e tvo\u0159ila v\u011bt\u0161inu n\u00e1kaz v\u00a0Braz\u00edlii. Gama varianta se vyzna\u010duje 11 mutacemi v\u00a0S\u00a0proteinu, sn\u00ed\u017eenou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed l\u00e9\u010div na b\u00e1zi monoklon\u00e1ln\u00edch protil\u00e1tek a sn\u00ed\u017eenou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed vakc\u00edn. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko p\u0159enosu nebylo u brazilsk\u00e9 varianty prok\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Delta varianta \u2248 indick\u00e1<\/strong> (B.1.617.2, VOC), kter\u00e1 se na p\u0159elomu roku 2020\/2021 objevila v\u00a0Indii. Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b u t\u00e9to varianty doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0men\u0161\u00edmu \u00fa\u010dinku vakc\u00edn a l\u00e9\u010div na b\u00e1zi monoklon\u00e1ln\u00edch protil\u00e1tek. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko p\u0159enosu nebylo potvrzeno.<\/p>\n<p>Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0popisu jednotliv\u00fdch variant SARS-Cov-2, li\u0161\u00ed se zejm\u00e9na funk\u010dn\u00edmi mutacemi v\u00a0S\u00a0proteinu. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st vakc\u00edn je c\u00edlena pouze na S\u00a0protein, kter\u00fdm se virus p\u0159ichyt\u00e1v\u00e1 na bu\u0148ky t\u011bla. <strong>V\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i vakc\u00edny, kter\u00e9 jsou schv\u00e1len\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010cR \u2013 Pfizer\u2013BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Johnson &amp; Johnson tak\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f jen proti S\u00a0proteinu<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce mutac\u00ed se v\u00a0S\u00a0proteinu objev\u00ed, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dinnost vakc\u00edny.<\/p>\n<p>Jak ji\u017e bylo uvedeno, stimulace a pam\u011b\u0165 imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu po prod\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19 se jev\u00ed komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po vakcinaci, imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u010dlov\u011bka m\u00e1 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed reperto\u00e1r \u201ezbran\u00ed\u201c proti jednotliv\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stem viru SARS-CoV-2, v\u010detn\u011b T-lymfocyt\u016f nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch proti mnoha \u00falomk\u016fm v\u0161ech virov\u00fdch protein\u016f. Proto <strong>lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinnost imunity po prod\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19 nebude mutacemi tolik ovlivn\u011bna jako \u00fa\u010dinnost imunity z\u00edskan\u00e9 po o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi typy vakc\u00edn.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"614\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\" width=\"614\"><strong>\u00da\u010dinnost vakc\u00edn proti jednotliv\u00fdm variant\u00e1m viru SARS-CoV-2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">p\u016fvodn\u00ed SARS-CoV-2<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\"><strong>Alfa varianta \u2248 britsk\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><strong>Beta varianta \u2248 jihoafrick\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><strong>Gama varianta \u2248 brazilsk\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\"><strong>Delta varianta \u2248 indick\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\"><strong>Pfizer-BioNTech<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">95 %<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">srovnateln\u00e1 \/ m\u00edrn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost<br \/>\n(cca\u00a087-90 %)<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost<br \/>\n(cca 75 %)<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost <sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost<br \/>\n(cca 70-75 %)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\"><strong>Moderna<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">94 %<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">srovnateln\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost <sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost <sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost <sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\"><strong>AstraZeneca<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">76 %<\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">srovnateln\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1<br \/>\ncca\u00a010\u00a0% <sup>(JAR)<\/sup><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost <sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost <sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\"><strong>Johnson &amp; Johnson<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">72 %<sup> (USA)<\/sup><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">srovnateln\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost cca 64\u00a0% <sup>(JAR)<\/sup><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost<br \/>\ncca 61\u00a0% <sup>(BRAZ\u00cdLIE)<\/sup><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\">sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost <sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"91\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"104\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Kompletn\u00ed tabulku \u00fa\u010dinnosti vybran\u00fdch vakc\u00edn proti jednotliv\u00fdm variant\u00e1m viru SARS-CoV-2 naleznete <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Sn\u00edmek-obrazovky-2021-06-10-150416.jpg\">ZDE<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ing. Ane\u017eka Palmov\u00e1<br \/>\n10.6.2021<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje:<\/p>\n<p>Amanna, I. J., Carlson, N. E., &amp; Slifka, M. K. (2007). Duration of Humoral Immunity to Common Viral and Vaccine Antigens. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(19), 1903\u20131915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa066092<\/p>\n<p>Breton, G., Mendoza, P., Hagglof, T., Oliveira, T. Y., Schaefer-Babajew, D., Gaebler, C., Turroja, M., Hurley, A., Caskey, M., &amp; Nussenzweig, M. C. (2020). Persistent Cellular Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.12.08.416636<\/p>\n<p>Harvey, W. T., Carabelli, A. M., Jackson, B., Gupta, R. K., Thomson, E. C., Harrison, E. M., Ludden, C., Reeve, R., Rambaut, A., Peacock, S. J., &amp; Robertson, D. L. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape. Nature Reviews Microbiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-021-00573-0<\/p>\n<p>Ho\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed, V., Bart\u016f\u0148kov\u00e1, J. Z\u00e1klady imunologie. 2.vyd. Praha: Triton, 2002. 260 s. ISBN\u00a080-7254-215-X.<\/p>\n<p>Turner, J. S., Kim, W., Kalaidina, E., Goss, C. W., Rauseo, A. M., Schmitz, A. J., Hansen, L., Haile, A., Klebert, M. K., Pusic, I., O\u2019Halloran, J. A., Presti, R. M., &amp; Ellebedy, A. H. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans. Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03647-4<\/p>\n<p>\u0160inkora, J. [osobn\u00ed komunikace] 2020, 2021.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/covid-19\/variants-concern<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/covid-19-vaccine-efficacy-variants-india-south-africa-brazil-uk-2021-5<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Od po\u010d\u00e1tku pandemie v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2020 dost\u00e1v\u00e1me mnoho dotaz\u016f ohledn\u011b viru SARS-CoV-2 a\u00a0onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19. V\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Od po\u010d\u00e1tku pandemie v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2020 dost\u00e1v\u00e1me mnoho dotaz\u016f ohledn\u011b viru SARS-CoV-2 a\u00a0onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19. V\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b, [&hellip;]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3906"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3906"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4126,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3906\/revisions\/4126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}