T\u00e9ma mitochondri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed energii pro n\u00e1\u0161 organismus, je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 nejen z\u00a0hlediska na\u0161eho zdrav\u00ed, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad i z\u00a0hlediska zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f na energii p\u0159i sportu. I v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se letn\u00ed olympi\u00e1dou v\u00a0Tokiu se nab\u00edz\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem mitochondrie p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed efektivit\u011b p\u0159i sportovn\u00edch v\u00fdkonech.<\/p>\n
Svaly elitn\u00edch sportovc\u016f pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pro svou \u010dinnost extra efektivn\u00ed mitochondrie. Jinou porci energie vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159i b\u011bhu svaly sprintera Usaina Bolta, pod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho extr\u00e9mn\u00ed v\u00fdkon v\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m \u00faseku, ne\u017e svaly vytrvalostn\u00edho b\u011b\u017ece Eliuda Kipchoge, kdy je ve h\u0159e extr\u00e9mn\u00ed v\u00fddr\u017e.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0hlediska mitochondri\u00ed je mezi t\u011bmito discipl\u00ednami rozd\u00edl v\u00a0tom, \u017ee u elitn\u00edch vytrvalc\u016f se jich do svalov\u00fdch bun\u011bk dok\u00e1\u017ee zakomponovat mnohem v\u00edce. Jedno je v\u0161ak u v\u0161ech atlet\u016f spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u2013 ikdy\u017e jejich t\u011blo dok\u00e1\u017ee aktivovat mitochondrie rychleji, ne\u017e je tomu u nesportovc\u016f, tato aktivace nen\u00ed nikdy okam\u017eit\u00e1. Zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed doby aktivace mitochondri\u00ed ve svalech a jejich vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed do svalov\u00e9 hmoty lze v\u0161ak dos\u00e1hnout cvi\u010den\u00edm a terapi\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Elitn\u00ed atleti se sna\u017e\u00ed uplatnit jak\u00fdkoli leg\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnosti, z\u00edskat v\u00a0n\u011b\u010dem oproti soupe\u0159\u016fm i sebemen\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodu. Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f je i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dotace kysl\u00edku do t\u011bla.<\/p>\n
Mitochondrie si obvykle p\u0159edstavujeme jako v\u00a0bu\u0148k\u00e1ch samostatn\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed organely. Jako takov\u00e9 by ov\u0161em nedok\u00e1zaly zajistit pro \u010dlov\u011bka dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost. Mitochondrie se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00a0bu\u0148k\u00e1ch sp\u00ed\u0161e ve form\u011b spletence (m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159irovnat ke \u0161paget\u00e1m nebo mo\u0159sk\u00fdm \u0159as\u00e1m) a sv\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u010dn\u011blky zasahuj\u00ed do m\u00edst pot\u0159eby energie. Mitochondrie se tak\u00e9 neust\u00e1le spojuj\u00ed a migruj\u00ed po bu\u0148ce do m\u00edst s\u00a0energetick\u00fdm deficitem.<\/p>\n
N\u011bkoho mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee stav mitochondri\u00ed je mo\u017eno ovlivnit cvi\u010den\u00edm. Kdo nen\u00ed zvykl\u00fd cvi\u010dit, prvn\u00ed cvik pro n\u011bj m\u016f\u017ee znamenat fyziologick\u00fd stres. Ten v\u0161ak n\u00e1sledn\u011b vede k\u00a0aktivaci sign\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 spou\u0161t\u00ed biogenezi mitochondri\u00ed a doch\u00e1z\u00ed i k nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch mitochondri\u00ed nov\u00fdmi. Mitochondri\u00edm se tak\u00e9 za\u010dne tvo\u0159it v\u00edce z\u00e1hyb\u016f (krist) a enzym\u016f d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jejich efektivity. Tento jev p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aktivit\u011b i m\u011bs\u00edce, co\u017e je velice dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va pro sportovn\u00ed nov\u00e1\u010dky. Sportovci si tak\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou vytvo\u0159it \u201epohotovostn\u00ed\u201c energetick\u00e9 z\u00e1soby akumulac\u00ed mitochondri\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee m\u00edsta pot\u0159eby, a tak v\u00a0pot\u0159ebnou chv\u00edli dos\u00e1hnout jejich rychlej\u0161\u00edho nastartov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pro vrcholov\u00e9 sportovce je v\u0161ak \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed udr\u017eet mitochondrie takto ve st\u0159ehu. Vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed proto st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 a nov\u00e9 metody, jak se dostat do fyziologick\u00e9ho stresu. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se o mitochondri\u00edch n\u011bco p\u0159iu\u010dili v\u011bdci od sportovc\u016f.<\/p>\n
Jednou metodou, jak dos\u00e1hnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed efektivity, je pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0tr\u00e9ninku, ikdy\u017e sportovec vypr\u00e1zdn\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u201epalivov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee\u201c. Bylo potvrzeno, \u017ee za t\u011bchto okolnost\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0regeneraci mitochondri\u00ed. \u010cinnosti mitochondri\u00ed prosp\u00edv\u00e1 i zm\u011bna nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed atleti ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky a chod\u00ed cvi\u010dit do ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh a jin\u00ed, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed u mo\u0159e, chod\u00ed cvi\u010dit do hor. V\u00a0obou p\u0159\u00edpadech doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek, tj. zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159enosu kysl\u00edku, co\u017e vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu mitochondri\u00ed a jejich efektivity ve svalech. Vystaven\u00ed se vlivu nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky po dobu jednoho m\u011bs\u00edce dok\u00e1\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu mitochondri\u00ed a\u017e o 6\u20138 %. Dal\u0161\u00ed metodou je expozice teplot\u00e1m pod 12\u00b0C nebo nad 38\u00b0C, kdy se spust\u00ed teplotn\u00ed stres a mitochondrie za\u010dnou pod jeho vlivem v\u00a0t\u011ble pracovat efektivn\u011bji.<\/p>\n
Nejen v\u00a0medic\u00edn\u011b, ale i ve sv\u011bt\u011b sportu jsou tedy mitochondrie \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce cen\u011bnou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Jejich efektivita se m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na sportovn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Je \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1le z\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jejich obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l na poli zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed sportovn\u00ed kondice a dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch v\u00fdkon\u016f. V\u0161e je p\u0159edm\u011btem sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho i budouc\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Ing. V\u00edt Smejkal<\/p>\n
7.7.2021<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Zdroj:<\/p>\n
KING A. (2021): Could mitochondria help athlets to make gains? Nature [online], 592(7852), S7-S9. doi: 10.1038\/d41586-021-00817-2<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00e9ma mitochondri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed energii pro n\u00e1\u0161 organismus, je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 nejen z\u00a0hlediska na\u0161eho zdrav\u00ed, ale […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Jbednar","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/jbednar\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"T\u00e9ma mitochondri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed energii pro n\u00e1\u0161 organismus, je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 nejen z\u00a0hlediska na\u0161eho zdrav\u00ed, ale […]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3928"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3928"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3928\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3930,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3928\/revisions\/3930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}