{"id":4400,"date":"2023-09-11T14:02:43","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T12:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/?p=4400"},"modified":"2023-09-11T14:03:16","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T12:03:16","slug":"kmenove-bunky-v-lecbe-alzheimerovy-choroby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/kmenove-bunky-v-lecbe-alzheimerovy-choroby\/","title":{"rendered":"Kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b Alzheimerovy choroby"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>21.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed si ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den Alzheimerovy choroby. Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161uje mozkovou strukturu a zp\u016fsobuje po\u0161kozen\u00ed pam\u011bti. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 poruchy ostatn\u00edch intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edch a fyzick\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed. Toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je typicky spjat\u00e9 s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bkem, a tak spolu se st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed populac\u00ed po\u010det posti\u017een\u00fdch celosv\u011btov\u011b rychle nar\u016fst\u00e1. Hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 terapie je proto jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nal\u00e9hav\u00fdch t\u00e9mat.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Patogeneze Alzheimerovy choroby (AD) zat\u00edm nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u00e1, av\u0161ak je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee jej\u00ed rozvoj souvis\u00ed s komplexem genetick\u00fdch predispozic a zm\u011bn na molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni. U lid\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch AD se v\u00a0mozku tvo\u0159\u00ed amyloidov\u00e9 plaky, lo\u017eiska proteinu beta-amyloidu. P\u0159\u00edtomnost amyloidov\u00fdch plak\u016f v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti neuron\u016f vede k\u00a0jejich po\u0161kozen\u00ed. V\u00a0patogenezi AD hraje roli nejen po\u0161kozen\u00ed neuron\u016f, ale i podp\u016frn\u00fdch bun\u011bk, jako jsou mikroglie.<\/p>\n<p>Mikroglie jsou mal\u00e9 bu\u0148ky\u00a0vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0nervov\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni, kter\u00e9 se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed imunitn\u00edch proces\u016f v\u00a0nervov\u00e9 soustav\u011b. Vznikaj\u00ed z hematopoetick\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk v\u00a0kostn\u00ed d\u0159eni. Jejich funkc\u00ed je bojovat proti infekc\u00edm a odstra\u0148ovat po\u0161kozen\u00e9 neurony, gliov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a jin\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed molekuly z\u00a0mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho prostoru. Amyloidov\u00e9 plaky, usazuj\u00edc\u00ed se v mozku pacient\u016f s\u00a0AD, v\u0161ak nejsou schopny odstra\u0148ovat ani pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed mikroglie. Dok\u00e1\u017eou je v\u0161ak obklopit, a t\u00edm br\u00e1nit jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Pokud mikroglie funguj\u00ed chybn\u011b, nedok\u00e1\u017eou tyto procesy zabezpe\u010dit. Nefunk\u010dn\u00ed mikroglie jsou proto jedn\u00edm z\u00a0faktor\u016f zodpov\u011bdn\u00fdch za rozvoj\u00a0AD.<\/p>\n<p>U nefunk\u010dn\u00edch mikrogli\u00ed pacient\u016f s\u00a0AD byla zji\u0161t\u011bna porucha na \u00farovni proteinu Trem2. Jedn\u00e1 se o membr\u00e1nov\u00fd receptor, kter\u00fd reaguje na p\u0159\u00edtomnost amyloidov\u00fdch plak\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b spou\u0161t\u00ed imunitn\u00ed reakci. Ta vede k\u00a0obklopen\u00ed amyloidov\u00e9ho plaku mikrogliemi.<\/p>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno byla publikovan\u00e1 studie, ve kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci na my\u0161\u00edm modelu AD testovali mo\u017enost n\u00e1hrady nefunk\u010dn\u00edch mikrogli\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm hematopoetick\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm transplantace kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b my\u0161\u00edm posti\u017een\u00fdm AD dodali nov\u00e9 hematopoetick\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, ze kter\u00fdch vznikly funk\u010dn\u00ed mikroglie. Bylo potvrzeno, \u017ee nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 mikroglie obsahovaly funk\u010dn\u00ed protein Trem2. V\u00a0mozku postupn\u011b vytvo\u0159ily v\u011bt\u0161inu a p\u0159i kontaktu s\u00a0amyloidov\u00fdmi plaky spou\u0161t\u011bly imunitn\u00ed reakci a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b br\u00e1nily jejich rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou v klinick\u00e9 aplikaci tohoto postupu je, \u017ee transplantace kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 procedura s\u00a0vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu je jej\u00ed vhodnost pro pacienty s\u00a0chronick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm typu AD diskutabiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mgr. Lenka Gmiterkov\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>11.9.2023<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj:<\/p>\n<p>Yoo Y, Neumayer G, Shibuya Y, Mader MM, Wernig M. (2023): A cell therapy approach to restore microglial Trem2 function in a mouse model of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. Cell Stem Cell, 30, 8.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>21.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed si ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den Alzheimerovy choroby. Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"boldthemes_grid":false,"boldthemes_grid_11":false,"boldthemes_grid_22":false,"boldthemes_grid_21":false,"boldthemes_grid_12":false,"boldthemes_latest_posts":false,"boldthemes_grid_gallery":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Ane\u017eka Klubalov\u00e1","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/author\/aklubalova\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"21.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed si ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den Alzheimerovy choroby. Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 [&hellip;]","post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4400"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4400"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4403,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4400\/revisions\/4403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mc-praha.cz\/mcp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}